AIM: What are Newton’s three laws, and how do they describe how an object behaves? Do Now: - Draw a Free Body Diagram for the block below if 1. it is at rest. 2. If it is moving to the right at a constant velocity. 3. If it is accelerating to the left.

Calculating the Force of Gravity The force of gravity acting on an object is also known as the objects weight – weight is not mass! – Mass NEVER changes The force of gravity (F g ) in Newtons, acting on an object depends on – the objects mass (m) in kilograms – the acceleration due to gravity (g) in m/s 2 (changes if you are not on Earth) The formula is F g = mg

The Newton The Newton is the unit of any force. It is a derived unit, which means it is a combination of other fundamental units. To determine the fundamental units a Newton is made up of 1.Find a formula for force 2.Plug in the unit for each variable 3.Combine the units

Calculating Weight What is the weight of a 60Kg physics student? A car weighs 20,000N. What is the car’s mass?

Newton’s 3 laws 1 st law: The Law of Inertia – An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in constant velocity motion will stay in constant velocity motion unless acted on by a net (unbalanced) force. – INERTIA is an object’s “want” to resist a change in motion – INERTIA depends ONLY on the objects mass The more massive, the more inertia regardless of the speed of the object. 2 nd Law: The law of acceleration – F net = ma Ex: what is the acceleration of a 3kg mass being acted on by a unbalanced force of 6N? 3 rd Law: The law of action-reaction forces – ANY force acting on an object, has an equal and opposite reaction force – Force of “A” on “B” is equal and opposite to the force of “B” on “A”

Newton’s 1 st law- objects in equilibrium When an object is in equilibrium, the sum of all the forces acting on the object is zero. We can make this statement more specific by saying – The sum of all the y-components of the forces are equal to zero – The sum of all the x-components of the forces are equal to zero.

1 st law: The Law of Inertia Using Newton’s first law, explain why the table settings do not go flying

Newton’s 2 nd Law F net =ma When solving force problems, ALWAYS follow these steps Step 1: find the motion statement in the problem. AT REST or CONSTANT VELOCITY or ACCELERATING Step 2: draw a Free Body Diagram of the object Step 3: Make a force statement based on your free body diagram and motion statement. IN EQUILIBRIUM – opposite forces are equal ACCELERATING – the vector sum of the forces =ma Step 4: solve

1. A 10kg crate is at rest on a horizontal surface. What is the Normal force acting on the crate? 1.Determine the object’s state of motion (Is it in equilibrium or not?) 2.Draw a free body diagram 3.Make a force statement based on the object’s state of motion 4.Solve for the missing forces

2. A 5kg crate is moving at a constant velocity on a horizontal surface while being pulled by a 20N force. A. What is the Normal force acting on the crate? B. What is the friction force acting on the crate? 1.Determine the object’s state of motion (Is it in equilibrium or not?) 2.Draw a free body diagram 3.Make a force statement based on the object’s state of motion 4.Solve for the missing forces

3. A 30kg crate is accelerating to the right at a rate of 2m/s 2 while being pulled by a 40N force. A. What is the Normal force acting on the crate? B. What is the friction force acting on the crate? 1.Determine the object’s state of motion (Is it in equilibrium or not?) 2.Draw a free body diagram 3.Make a force statement based on the object’s state of motion 4.Solve for the missing forces

Hanging Signs and Tension in a string Draw a Free Body Diagram for all the signs seen below. m A =5kg m B =5kgm C =5kg 40 o

Finding the Tension Force 1.Draw a free body diagram 2.Break down any angled forces if necessary. 3.Examine all the x-components and set their sum equal to zero 4. Examine all the y-components and set their sum equal to zero 5. Resolve your resultant vector A=5kg

Finding the Tension Force 1.Draw a free body diagram 2.Break down any angled forces if necessary. 3.Examine all the x-components and set their sum equal to zero 4. Examine all the y-components and set their sum equal to zero 5. Resolve your resultant vector A=5kg

Finding the Tension Force 1.Draw a free body diagram 2.Break down any angled forces if necessary. 3.Examine all the x-components and set their sum equal to zero 4. Examine all the y-components and set their sum equal to zero 5. Resolve your resultant vector m C =5kg 40 o

1.A 2000kg car is moving at a constant speed down a high way. If the engine provides a force of 300N, a.what is the frictional force acting on the car? b.What is the normal force acting on the car? 2. A 6N force to the right acts concurrently with a 12N force to the left on a 3kg object. a.What is the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on the object? b.What is the magnitude and direction of the object’s acceleration? c.What is the normal force acting on the object?

3. A 2Kg crate is accelerating to the right at 4m/s 2 when acted on by a 14N force. a.What is the friction force acting on the object? b.What is the normal force acting on the object? 4. A 30Kg child sits on top of a 10kg crate a.What is the normal force acting on the child? b.What is the normal force acting on the crate 5. A 23Kg girl is sitting at rest in a tire swing. What is the tension in the rope?

6.A 30Kg child decides to ride in an elevator while standing on a scale that can read her weight. a.What does the scale read while the elevator is at rest on the bottom floor? b.What does the scale read as the elevator accelerates upward at 2m/s 2 c.What does the scale read as she moves upwards at a constant speed? d.What does the scale read as she slows down at a rate of 1.5m/s 2 when reaching the top floor? e.What does the scale read as she accelerates downward at 3m/s 2 on her way back to the loby? f.What does the scale read as she moved downwards at a constant speed? g.What does the scale read as she slows down at a rate of 2.5m/s 2 when returning back to the ground floor?

7.Two children are fighting over a 2kg toy. If one child pulls to the right with a force of 20N and the other child pulls to the left with a force of 14N, what is the acceleration of the toy? 8.While pulling a 30Kg sled across the ice, one person uses a 40N force to the North while the other person uses a 60N force to the East? What is the magnitude of the resultant force?

9. A worker pushes a 20Kg crate across a horizontal surface at a constant speed. If the force the worker applies is 55N and an angel of 60 o to the horizontal. a.What is the vertical component of the push force? b.What is the horizontal component of the push force? c.What is the magnitude of the friction acting on the crate? d.What is the normal force acting on the crate?

10. A mother pulls her 20Kg child in a wagon at a constant speed by applying a 100N force at an angle of 55 o above the horizontal. a.What is the vertical component of the pull force? b.What is the horizontal component of the pull force? c.What is the magnitude of the friction acting on the wagon? d.What is the normal force acting on the wagon?

11. A 7Kg sign is hung from a horizontal ceiling with two ropes. One rope makes a 45 o angle with the ceiling and the other makes a 60 o angle. What is the tension in each rope? 12. A 3kg sign is hung from a building with two chains. One chain is perfectly horizontal and attached to a side wall. The other chain makes a 25 o angle to the vertical. What is the tension in each chain?

13. The following picture is hanging on a wall. determine the weight of the picture.

14. The following sign can be found in Glenview. The sign has a mass of 50 kg. Determine the tension in the cables.

15. After its most recent delivery, the infamous stork announces the good news. If the sign has a mass of 10 kg, then what is the tensional force in each cable?

16. Find T 1 and T 2 40 o 12kg T1T1 T2T2

17. Find T 1, T 2 and T 3 40 o 12kg T1T1 T2T2 T3T3 5kg