EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Growth Rate of Employment(%Per Annum) Source - Economic Survey Period Rural Urban Before Reform After Reform

Sectoral Employment (%) Source – Economic Survey INDUSTRYBEFORE REFORM AFTER REFORM Agriculture Mining & Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas & Water Supply Construction Trade, Hotel &Restaurant Transport, Storage & Communication Financial Services Community, Social, Personal Services

Organized Sector(Annual Growth -%) Source – Economic Survey SectorBefore Reform After Reform Public Sector Private Sector

Nature and Types of Unemployment Developed Country – Due to Deficiency of D-D Developing Country – Not Restricted Classified – Two Types : A. Rural Unemployment B. Urban Unemployment A.Rural Unemployment 1.Disguised Unemployment- More People are engaged than required

Marginal Productive – Zero 2. Seasonal Unemployment – Absence of Supplementary Source 3. Open Unemployment – Able and Willing to Work – Do not have any Work – Landless Worker. B. Urban Unemployment – Secondary and Tertiary Sectors – Skilled & Semi Skilled Labours 1. Industrial Unemployment 2. Educated Unemployment

i. Structural Unemployment – Changes in Population, Tastes, Technology, Govt. Policies, Economic Backwardness, Capital Deficiency – Export Declines ii. Frictional Unemployment- Breakdown of Machinery, Shortage of Raw Materials, Strikes, Lock-outs, Ignorance of Jobs Available iii. Cyclical/ Mass Unemployment- Trade Cycle/ Fluctuations in Business. iv. Technological Unemployment- Modern Machinery and Techniques.

2. Educated Unemployment – Lack of Job Opportunities – Theoretical Aspects