Substitution & Alternatives Assessment Tool Box NW Hazardous Materials Conference SeaTac 2015 Jonathan Rivin Waste Management Specialist

OECD Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development (Paris) –“Promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.” – 34 countries The Ad Hoc Group on Substitution of Harmful Chemicals (2012) –Develop tools & materials to support Substitution & Alternatives Assessment Metareview: “Current Landscapes of AA Practice” Toolbox

Substitution & Alternatives Assessment Tool Box HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL

Substitution Replacing one entity with another Informed Substitution Replacing hazard chemical (chemical of concern) with safer alternative Minimizing unintended consequences regrettable substitutions

Alternatives Assessment A process for identifying, comparing and selecting safer alternatives (chemical & non-chemical) to replace hazardous chemicals With the objective of promoting sustainable production & consumption (reducing risk to humans and the environment)

Alternatives Assessment Hazard assessment Cost & availability Exposure assessment Life cycle assessment Materials management Performance evaluation Social impact Source: Alternatives Assessment Guide, 1.0. Interstate Chemicals Clearinghouse. 2013

Risk=ƒ(Hazard,Exposure)  Exposure potential

Exposure ibuprofen/Aleve/aspirin + Anti -depressants/-anxiety || upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk Masclee et al., 2014.

Hazards  Hazards  Liability  Regulatory compliance

Chemical Risk Management (Minimization) Hierarchy Elimination of chemical Substitution by less hazardous chemical/process Reduce/eliminate release through use of processes & engineering controls Collective protection at source of risk Personal protection measures

Cotton (cellulose) Urea-formaldehyde Wrinkle-Free Cotton

OECD Substitution and Alternatives Assessment Toolbox (SAAT) Tool Selector CHA Tool Inventory CHA tools + Datasources Filter Descriptions Non-Hazard Tool Inventory Cost/benefiit/avail Exposure LCA Materials Management Social Technicical feasiibility Methodology AA Guides Case Studies & Resources Case Studies Toolkits Certified Products Regulations & Restrictions OECD MetaReview Glossary

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