Religious Reformations

Protestant Reformation  Background Printing Press Printing Press Spread Renaissance ideasSpread Renaissance ideas Emphasis on social reform Emphasis on social reform Church as central forceChurch as central force  Church Abuses Fought many political wars about power and wealth Fought many political wars about power and wealth  Popes Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Had to finance new lifestyle Had to finance new lifestyle Increased fees on marriage and baptismIncreased fees on marriage and baptism

Protestant Reformation  Indulgences Quicker exit from purgatory Quicker exit from purgatory Middle Ages- granted for good deedsMiddle Ages- granted for good deeds Now- could be bought with moneyNow- could be bought with money Angered many Christians Angered many Christians  Martin Luther German monk and professor of Theology German monk and professor of Theology Disillusioned with ChurchDisillusioned with Church Wittenberg Church offered indulgences Wittenberg Church offered indulgences Entrance into heaven for them and dead relativesEntrance into heaven for them and dead relatives

Protestant Reformation  95 Theses Last straw for Luther Last straw for Luther Wrote 95 Theses Wrote 95 Theses Posted on churchPosted on church Distributed overnight Distributed overnight  Church immediately asked Luther to recant his views Luther refused Luther refused Wrote more and urged people to reject Christian authorityWrote more and urged people to reject Christian authority Luther was excommunicated Luther was excommunicated

Protestant Reformation  Luther’s teachings All citizens have equal access to God through faith and the Bible All citizens have equal access to God through faith and the Bible Translated the Bible into German Translated the Bible into German Every town has a school Every town has a school Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimage, and prayers to Saints Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimage, and prayers to Saints Mass was focused on sermon Mass was focused on sermon Nicknamed Protestants Nicknamed Protestants

Protestant Reformation  Peace of Augsberg Charles V and Lutheran Princes Charles V and Lutheran Princes Fought over Religion Fought over Religion Signed in 1553 Signed in 1553 Gave choice to Prince to pick either Catholic or Lutheran Gave choice to Prince to pick either Catholic or Lutheran

Protestant Reformation  Switzerland Reformation John Calvin John Calvin Trained as a priest and lawyerTrained as a priest and lawyer Shared in many of Luther’s beliefsShared in many of Luther’s beliefs Predestination Predestination God had long ago determined who would gain salvationGod had long ago determined who would gain salvation Saints and SinnersSaints and Sinners

Protestant Reformation  Switzerland Reformation Geneva Geneva Asked Calvin to run city Asked Calvin to run city TheocracyTheocracy Created Calvinism Created Calvinism  Calvinism Very strict rules Very strict rules  Ideas spread quickly Caused many religious wars Caused many religious wars Catholics and Lutherans opposed Calvinism Catholics and Lutherans opposed Calvinism

English Reformation  Henry VIII Strongly against protestant revolt Strongly against protestant revolt Had no male heir Had no male heir Wanted marriage annulled, so he could remarry and have a son Wanted marriage annulled, so he could remarry and have a son Pope said noPope said no Henry VIII furious Henry VIII furious Took over English ChurchTook over English Church Killed anyone who disagreedKilled anyone who disagreed Anglican Church Anglican Church Kept mostly Catholic forms of worshipKept mostly Catholic forms of worship

English Reformation  Henry VIII Died  Edward VI took over Strong Protestant Strong Protestant “Book of Common Prayer” “Book of Common Prayer” Required in Church servicesRequired in Church services Moderate form of Protestant Service Moderate form of Protestant Service

English Reformation  Edward VI died  Mary Tudor took over Henry VIII daughter Henry VIII daughter  Returned England back to Catholicism  Burned people at the stake

English Reformation  Mary Tudor died  Elizabeth I took Over Henry VIII’s daughter Henry VIII’s daughter  More Protestant  Elizabethan Settlement  Compromise between Protestant and Catholic practices

English Reform  Satisfied both religions Ended war and turmoil Ended war and turmoil Kept many Catholic traditions, but made England mainly Protestant nation Kept many Catholic traditions, but made England mainly Protestant nation

Catholic Reformation  Pope Paul III Wanted to revive moral authority of church Wanted to revive moral authority of church Stop Protestant push Stop Protestant push  Council of Trent Met for almost 20 years Met for almost 20 years Reaffirmed Catholic views Reaffirmed Catholic views

Catholic Reformation  Salvation comes through faith and good works  Bible is not only source of truth  Ends church abuses  Better educated clergy

Catholic Reformation  Inquisition Fought Protestants Fought Protestants Church court used secret testimony, torture, and execution to find out information Church court used secret testimony, torture, and execution to find out information  Legacy Most Europeans remained Catholic Most Europeans remained Catholic Brought back many Protestant converts Brought back many Protestant converts Still many debates and wars about religion in Government Still many debates and wars about religion in Government

Assignment  Create your own version of Christianity Most of the new religions were based off Christian ideals with their own unique twist Most of the new religions were based off Christian ideals with their own unique twist Your job is to create another religion based on Christianity Your job is to create another religion based on Christianity You must include You must include A general description about what the main ideas of your religion areA general description about what the main ideas of your religion are 5 parts of Christianity you would keep5 parts of Christianity you would keep 5 new ideas that will be applied to your religion5 new ideas that will be applied to your religion A name for your religionA name for your religion A Symbol for your religionA Symbol for your religion