OwlTeacher.com The 13 British Colonies (1689–1754)

OwlTeacher.com The English Civil War __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________. It had the power to make laws and approve new taxes. It had the power to make laws and approve new taxes. __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________. Parliament saw this as an attempt to limit its power and the rights of English property owners. Parliament saw this as an attempt to limit its power and the rights of English property owners.

OwlTeacher.com Parliament’s forces defeated and executed King Charles in Parliament’s forces defeated and executed King Charles in ______________________ ______________________ ______________________. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________. In 1660, Parliament restored the _________ by placing Charles II, the son of Charles I, on the throne. In 1660, Parliament restored the _________ by placing Charles II, the son of Charles I, on the throne.

OwlTeacher.com Mercantilism Theory of Mercantilism A country should try to get and keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible. A country should try to get and keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible. ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________. ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Mercantilism Effects on War and Politics –_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ ______________________________. –If colonists wanted to sell goods to other parts of the world, they had to pay a duty, or tax, on it.

OwlTeacher.comMercantilism Effects on Trade Laws European countries fought over territory and trade routes. European countries fought over territory and trade routes. British rulers tightened controls over the American colonies. British rulers tightened controls over the American colonies. _______________________________ _______________________________ ____________. _______________________________ _______________________________ ____________.

OwlTeacher.comMercantilism Anger in the Colonies Colonists resented James’s grab for power. Colonists resented James’s grab for power. They were angry with the governor of the Dominion that James had appointed. They were angry with the governor of the Dominion that James had appointed. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

OwlTeacher.com Britain’s Colonial Policy in the Early 1700s Origins of Self-Government In theory, _________________________ In theory, ____________________________________________________________. In reality, the colonial legislatures held the most power. In reality, the colonial legislatures held the most power. __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________. They set salaries for royal officials and influenced appointments of local officials. They set salaries for royal officials and influenced appointments of local officials.

OwlTeacher.com Salutary Neglect ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ __________________________________________.

OwlTeacher.com This British policy, known as _____ This British policy, known as _____ ________________, had three causes: 1.England had a long tradition of ____________________________ ___________________________. 2.British government lacked the __________ to enforce its wishes. 3.Britain gave the colonies freedom ____________________________ ___________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Diverse Colonial Economies Southern Colonies This economy was based on staple crops—crops that are in constant demand. This economy was based on staple crops—crops that are in constant demand. ______________________________ ___________________ ______________________________ ______________________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Diverse Colonial Economies Middle Colonies The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of _____________ and ______________________________. The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of _____________ and ______________________________. Rich, fertile soil produced wheat, barley, and rye. Rich, fertile soil produced wheat, barley, and rye. ______________________________ ______________________________ ___________. ______________________________ ______________________________ ___________.

OwlTeacher.com Diverse Colonial Economies New England Colonies The New England economy relied on “___________________________.” The New England economy relied on “___________________________.” Merchants carried crops and goods from one place to another. Merchants carried crops and goods from one place to another. ______________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________. ______________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Colonial Society American colonists brought many ideas and customs from Europe. American colonists brought many ideas and customs from Europe. Most colonists believed: Most colonists believed: –________________________________.

OwlTeacher.com The differences between social ranks could be seen in ___________________ _________________________________. The differences between social ranks could be seen in ___________________ _________________________________. Ordinary people wore dresses or plain pants and shirts. Ordinary people wore dresses or plain pants and shirts. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________. Gentry — men and women wealthy enough to hire others to work for them Gentry — men and women wealthy enough to hire others to work for them

OwlTeacher.com Wealth in Land For English colonists, land was the foundation for real wealth. For English colonists, land was the foundation for real wealth. Most landowners were _______________. Most landowners were _______________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. In each colony, a small group of elite, landowning men dominated politics. In each colony, a small group of elite, landowning men dominated politics.

OwlTeacher.com Trades and Occupations Artisans ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________. Artisans made silver products, cabinets, tinware, pottery, and glassware. Artisans made silver products, cabinets, tinware, pottery, and glassware.

OwlTeacher.com Printers Colonial printers were considered ______________________________ ______________________________. Colonial printers were considered ______________________________ ______________________________. __________________________, one of America’s most famous printers, published Poor Richard’s Almanac. __________________________, one of America’s most famous printers, published Poor Richard’s Almanac. An almanac is a book containing information such as calendars, weather predictions, and advice. An almanac is a book containing information such as calendars, weather predictions, and advice.

OwlTeacher.com Farmers _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________. _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Fisher- men Fish was dried, salted, and shipped out from harbor cities. Fish was dried, salted, and shipped out from harbor cities. ______________________________ _______________________________. ______________________________ _______________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Indentured Servants Many immigrants came to the colonies as _____________________________. Many immigrants came to the colonies as _____________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Colonial Women Women and the Law Under English common law, a husband had complete control over his wife. Under English common law, a husband had complete control over his wife. Women could not Women could not –_______________________________. Husbands were allowed to beat their wives. Husbands were allowed to beat their wives.

OwlTeacher.com Women’s Duties Cooking Cooking Gardening Gardening Washing Washing Cleaning Cleaning Weaving cloth Weaving cloth Sewing Sewing __________________________________ __________________________________

OwlTeacher.com ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________. Self-sufficient — able to make everything needed to maintain itself Self-sufficient — able to make everything needed to maintain itself The Nature of Work

OwlTeacher.com __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________. Men grew crops, or made goods like shoes, guns, and candles. Men grew crops, or made goods like shoes, guns, and candles. __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________. Children helped both parents. Children helped both parents.

OwlTeacher.com Colonial Education During colonial times, children received very little formal education. During colonial times, children received very little formal education. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________.

OwlTeacher.com In 1647, Massachusetts passed a law requiring towns to set up grammar schools for boys. In 1647, Massachusetts passed a law requiring towns to set up grammar schools for boys. Girls were expected to ________________ __________________________________. Girls were expected to ________________ __________________________________. Generally, __________________ attended college, where they trained to be lawyers or ministers. Generally, __________________ attended college, where they trained to be lawyers or ministers. Harvard, Yale, and William and Mary were the only three colleges in the colonies until the 1740s. Harvard, Yale, and William and Mary were the only three colleges in the colonies until the 1740s.

OwlTeacher.com The Middle Passage ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _____________________. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _____________________. This term also refers to the ______________________ of slaves from Africa to the Americas. This term also refers to the ______________________ of slaves from Africa to the Americas.

OwlTeacher.com Roughly 10 to 40 percent of Africans on slave trips died in the crossing. Roughly 10 to 40 percent of Africans on slave trips died in the crossing. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________. Occasionally enslaved Africans staged a mutiny, or revolt, on the slave ships. Occasionally enslaved Africans staged a mutiny, or revolt, on the slave ships. Many of these were successful. Many of these were successful.

OwlTeacher.com Slavery in the Colonies South Carolina and Georgia ___________________________ made slave conditions especially harsh in this region. ___________________________ made slave conditions especially harsh in this region. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________. Southern slaves kept their culture alive through their speech, crafts, and music. Southern slaves kept their culture alive through their speech, crafts, and music.

OwlTeacher.com Slavery in the Colonies Virginia and Maryland _______________________________________ ______________________________________. _______________________________________ ______________________________________. Few of those slaves came directly from Africa. Few of those slaves came directly from Africa. _______________________________________ ______________________________________. _______________________________________ ______________________________________. There was more integration of European American and African American cultures than in South Carolina and Georgia. There was more integration of European American and African American cultures than in South Carolina and Georgia. To save money, slave-owners encouraged slaves to have families. To save money, slave-owners encouraged slaves to have families.

OwlTeacher.com Slavery in the Colonies New England and the Middle Colonies _____________________________________ ____________________________________. _____________________________________ ____________________________________. Slaves had more freedom to choose their occupations. Slaves had more freedom to choose their occupations. _____________________________________ ____________________________________. _____________________________________ ____________________________________. They also worked as skilled artisans, dockworkers, merchant sailors, fishermen, whalers, privateers, lumberjacks, and in manufacturing. They also worked as skilled artisans, dockworkers, merchant sailors, fishermen, whalers, privateers, lumberjacks, and in manufacturing.

OwlTeacher.com Estimated African American Population, 1690–1750 Year New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies ,47213, ,6803,66122, ,5856,21836, ,95610,82554, ,11811,68373, ,54116,452125, ,98220,736204,702 SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970

OwlTeacher.com Slaves that earned money as artisans or laborers had the possibility of saving enough to purchase their freedom. Slaves that earned money as artisans or laborers had the possibility of saving enough to purchase their freedom. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ___________. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ___________. Free Blacks

OwlTeacher.com Free blacks faced poorer living conditions and __________________ than slaves who were identified with specific white households. Free blacks faced poorer living conditions and __________________ than slaves who were identified with specific white households. Free blacks could not _____________ ______________________________ ______________________________. Free blacks could not _____________ ______________________________ ______________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Laws and Revolts Laws Slaves could not go aboard ships or ferries, or leave the town limits without a __________________________________. Slaves could not go aboard ships or ferries, or leave the town limits without a __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. Punishments included whipping, banishment to the West Indies, and death. Punishments included whipping, banishment to the West Indies, and death.

OwlTeacher.com Laws and Revolts Revolts _______________________________________ _______________________________________. _______________________________________ _______________________________________. The rebels were captured and killed. The rebels were captured and killed. New York City had slave rebellions in 1708, 1712, and New York City had slave rebellions in 1708, 1712, and After the 1741 revolt, _____________________ _______________________________________. After the 1741 revolt, _____________________ _______________________________________. African Americans undertook almost 50 documented revolts between 1740 and African Americans undertook almost 50 documented revolts between 1740 and 1800.

OwlTeacher.com Western Expansion In the mid-1700s, the colonial population was increasing rapidly, nearly doubling every 25 years. In the mid-1700s, the colonial population was increasing rapidly, nearly doubling every 25 years. ___________________ _______________________________________.

OwlTeacher.com Immigrants from England, Ireland, Germany, and other countries were settling in colonial America. Immigrants from England, Ireland, Germany, and other countries were settling in colonial America. ___________________________________ ___________________________________. ___________________________________ ___________________________________. These settlers were part of a migration, or movement, in search of land on which they could build independent lives and maintain their households. These settlers were part of a migration, or movement, in search of land on which they could build independent lives and maintain their households. Immigrants — people who enter a new country to settle Immigrants — people who enter a new country to settle

OwlTeacher.com Native American and French Reaction Native American Response __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. The Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Choctaws put up a powerful struggle to block westward colonial expansion. The Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Choctaws put up a powerful struggle to block westward colonial expansion.

OwlTeacher.com Native American and French Reaction French Actions In 1752, the French built Fort Presque Isle in Pennsylvania and attacked and killed the men defending an English trading post in the Ohio Valley. In 1752, the French built Fort Presque Isle in Pennsylvania and attacked and killed the men defending an English trading post in the Ohio Valley. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ____________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ____________.

OwlTeacher.com Religious Tensions The British colonies were primarily ___________________________________. The British colonies were primarily ___________________________________. –_______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________. –Most New Englanders were either Congregationalists or Presbyterians. –_______________________________________ _______________________________________. –The Dutch Reformed Church thrived in the colonies of New York and New Jersey.

OwlTeacher.com The Great Awakening The Great Awakening refers to ______________ ______________________________________. The Great Awakening refers to ______________ ______________________________________. These revivals were designed to renew religious enthusiasm and commitment. These revivals were designed to renew religious enthusiasm and commitment. Jonathan Edwards — Edwards, a Massachusetts minister, is believed to ____________ the Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards — Edwards, a Massachusetts minister, is believed to ____________ the Great Awakening. His success inspired other ministers to increase their efforts to energize their followers. His success inspired other ministers to increase their efforts to energize their followers.

OwlTeacher.com The Great Awakening George Whitefield — Whitefield was an itinerant, or traveling, preacher who toured the colonies seven times between 1738 and George Whitefield — Whitefield was an itinerant, or traveling, preacher who toured the colonies seven times between 1738 and These ministers preached that any Christian could have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. These ministers preached that any Christian could have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________.

OwlTeacher.com _________ caused several churches to break apart. _________ caused several churches to break apart. While some embraced the new emotionalism, others rejected it. While some embraced the new emotionalism, others rejected it. Churches Reorganize In the South, both the ______________________ churches drew many followers through their powerful, emotional ceremonies and their celebration of ordinary people. In the South, both the ______________________ churches drew many followers through their powerful, emotional ceremonies and their celebration of ordinary people. In the 1740s and 1750s, many New Englanders converted to the Baptist faith. In the 1740s and 1750s, many New Englanders converted to the Baptist faith.

OwlTeacher.com __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. Dissent — difference of opinion Dissent — difference of opinion