Developing a Community- Based Shellfish Industry for Hawai`i Robert Howerton Maria Haws University of Hawaii

Constraints Constraints Objectives Objectives Traditional Hawaiian Fishponds Traditional Hawaiian Fishponds Site Selection Site Selection Accomplishments Accomplishments

Constraints Hawai`i is only coastal state without a bivalve industry. Hawai`i is only coastal state without a bivalve industry. Hawai`i does not have a shoreline certification program Hawai`i does not have a shoreline certification program Hawai`i does not have a certified laboratory Hawai`i does not have a certified laboratory No native bivalve species have been developed for culture No native bivalve species have been developed for culture No grow out locations have been identified No grow out locations have been identified

Objectives Establish a shellfish working group Establish a shellfish working group Conduct spawning trials on indigenous species Conduct spawning trials on indigenous species Identify two grow out sites on Moloka`i Identify two grow out sites on Moloka`i Work with state agencies responsible for shellfish sanitation Work with state agencies responsible for shellfish sanitation Determine if permits can be obtained for non-native species Determine if permits can be obtained for non-native species Transfer bivalve culture technology Transfer bivalve culture technology

WHAT IS AN AHUPUA`A?

Traditional Hawaiian Fishponds At Mānana Peninsula in Pu‘uloa (Pearl Harbor) oral tradition tells of people lined up for more than a mile from the shoreline to the mountains, passing lava rocks “without touching the ground in transit” (Cobb, 1903).

LOKO I`A KALO KEANAE MAUI

LOKO WAI `ALEKOKO (Menehune) FISHPOND KAUA`I

LOKO PU`UONE Hawaii Kai O`ahu

LOKO KUAPĀ Kāne`ohe Bay O`ahu

Hawaiian Fishpond Census 30% 25%23% 1%4% 7% 8% Total = 488 Source: DHM Planners Inc. 1990

Hawaiian Fishpond Census Total = 488 Source: DHM Planners Inc % 9 % 1 % 36% 15 % 10 %

Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration Efforts Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration Efforts PASSING THE STONES SETTING THE STONES FINISHED KUAPĀ (POND WALL)

Accomplishments to date Establishment of shellfish working group Establishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for culture Two native species identified for culture

Indigenous Species Dendostrea sandvichensis Spondylus sp.

Hawaiian Oysters

Accomplishments to date Establishment of shellfish working group Establishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for culture Two native species identified for culture Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu

Island of Moloka`i

Keawanui Fishpond

Keawanui Farms

Kaloko`eli Fishpond

Heei`a Fishpond O`ahu

Accomplishments to Date Establishment of shellfish working group Establishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for culture Two native species identified for culture Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu State DOH, ADP and DLNR are members of the shellfish working group State DOH, ADP and DLNR are members of the shellfish working group Import permits have been approved for all demonstration sites for three non-native species Import permits have been approved for all demonstration sites for three non-native species Animals will be shipped to Moloka`i and O`ahu next month Animals will be shipped to Moloka`i and O`ahu next month

Acknowledgments USDA-CTSA USDA-CTSA Maui County Office of Economic Development Maui County Office of Economic Development Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program Maui Community College Maui Community College