States of Matter

There are Four States of Matter Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Plasma Plasma

Solids Particles are very close together Particles are very close together Have orderly, fixed arrangements Have orderly, fixed arrangements Fixed volumes due to fixed positions Fixed volumes due to fixed positions Particles can only vibrate in position Particles can only vibrate in position

Liquids More random arrangement of particles than solids. More random arrangement of particles than solids. Particles are loosely held together by attractive forces between particles, but can move past one another. Particles are loosely held together by attractive forces between particles, but can move past one another. Result: Liquids can flow into any shape, but have a definite volume Result: Liquids can flow into any shape, but have a definite volume

Attractive forces between liquid particles may result in: Cohesion Cohesion –Attraction for each other Adhesion Adhesion –Attraction to other materials Capillary Action Capillary Action –Ability to “climb” due to cohesion and adhesion Surface Tension Surface Tension –Force that act on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface

Gas Essentially independent particles. Essentially independent particles. Large space between particles result in little to no attraction between particles. Large space between particles result in little to no attraction between particles. Result: Gases can flow into any shape, and have no definite volume Result: Gases can flow into any shape, and have no definite volume

Plasma Supercritical fluid Supercritical fluid Occurs at very high temperatures and very high pressures Occurs at very high temperatures and very high pressures Has properties of both the liquid phase and the gas phase Has properties of both the liquid phase and the gas phase

Changing States Deposition Sublimation Melting Freezing Evaporation Condensation

Chemical Changes verses Physical Changes

Physical Changes A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties A  A A  A Does the chemical nature of the substance change? Does the chemical nature of the substance change? –No Examples: phase changes, making solutions Examples: phase changes, making solutions

Chemical Changes A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties A + B  C (reactants go to products) A + B  C (reactants go to products) Does the chemical nature of the substance change? Does the chemical nature of the substance change? –Yes –Example: Electrolysis of hydrogen and oxygen gases to make water

Formation of a gas Formation of a Precipitate (solid) An Unexpected Color Change Release or Absorption of Energy

Chemical or Physical Frying an egg - Chemical Frying an egg - Chemical Boiling Water - Physical Boiling Water - Physical Sanding a wooden plank - Physical Sanding a wooden plank - Physical Digesting food - Chemical Digesting food - Chemical Popping a balloon - Physical Popping a balloon - Physical