A Sustainable Biosolids Process & Fertilizer Product Dana G Taylor and Jeffrey C Burnham, Ph.D. Long-term effective biosolids solution High-value slow-release fertilizer Green sustainable business

The Biosolids Solution – Sustainability 61 MM ton U.S. Fertilizer Market Need 7.5 MM ton U.S. Biosolids Production AM Process Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer Class A+/EQ Granulation Processing Slow-release N Nearly odorless Crop effective Competitive Ag economics Growing Population Requiring Increased Crop Production Increasingly Limited Disposal Options

Key Aspects of Business Model Do not transport biosolids cake very far Utilize a safe Class AA biosolids treatment Construct modular plants Emphasize redundancy Manufacture a valuable marketable product Be community positive Key Approaches

Create Value With Biosolids Recover value from biosolids Nitrogen Micronutrients Organics Amino acids Manufacture saleable enhanced-efficiency fertilizer Increased crop production value Create GREEN value: Reduction in GHG emissions for biosolids treatment and fertilizer manufacture

Biosolids Containing Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer HIGH ‐ NUTRIENT SLOW ‐ RELEASE FERTILIZER 16 ‐ 0 ‐ 2 ‐ 17 ‐ 3 ‐ 16 (N ‐ P ‐ K ‐ S ‐ Fe ‐ Org) Characteristics: Spherical granules; 260/120/80 SGN 6-8 # hardness Dry - >98% solids no biosolids odor Application rates: pounds per acre - not tons 5

6 The Ammonium Mix (“AM”) Technology Conversion of biosolids to high nitrogen granular fertilizer – Reacts concentrated acid and anhydrous ammonia with biosolids for a two step heat drying process – Couples nutrients to biosolids organic molecules to create a slow-release fertilizer Key is long reaction times under heat and pressure. Incorporation of high plant nutrient value Use of nutrient chemicals that positively reduce odorants

7 Dewatered Biosolids HydrolysisVessels Cooling Binding Agents Recycle Pugmill Conditioning : Convert to paste-like material Fe addition Screens Condensed water return to WWTP Ammonia & H 2 SO 4 Controlled reaction time, pressure and high temperatures for dewatering, disinfection, hydrolysis of molecules. Coating Storag e Granulator / Dryer The Ammonium Mix (“AM”) Process 7

Tomatoes & Peppers (Univ of Florida) Turf (Bermuda; Rye) (Mississippi State Univ) Corn (Arise Research Station, IN) Golf course greens (Mississippi State Univ & SEP, FL) Watermelons (Purdue Univ) Winter Wheat Field Crop Trials

MSU Greens Project (Creeping Bentgrass – 1/23/12) with average Digital Color Ratings MSU Greens Project (Creeping Bentgrass – 1/23/12) with average Digital Color Ratings VitAg – 7.2Nature Safe – 6.2 Milorganite – 5.8 Urea – 7.0 Control – 4.2

Independent Testing Demonstrates Agronomic Benefits on Crops High quality commercial fertilizer for a broad array of crops Especially productive in turf Promotes yield by reducing crop stress (i.e. heat and drought);enhances plant vigor with better root structure. Enhanced slow-release properties 10 Tomato Yield Improvement Research at 84 Days Source: University of Florida Source: Arise Research Station and Discovery Commercial #/a #/a Commercial #/a #/a VitAg 50/50 KNO #/a VitAg 1000 #/a KNO #/a NH3NO3 235 #/a VitAg 50/50 KNO #/a VitAg 1000 #/a KNO #/a NH3NO3 235 #/a VitAg 25/ #/a VitAg 470 #/a KNO #/a VitAg 25/ #/a VitAg 470 #/a KNO #/a Control Tomato Fruit Weight as Influenced by N Source Fruit Weight (g) N Source BABC Commentary

11 Sustainable Energy Benefits Of VitAg Sustainable energy created through agriculture Lower carbon process footprint (GHG emissions) Tons of CO 2 per Ton of Biosolids Processes Incinerator Thermal Dryer Process Gould et al., WEF 2011

VitAg Plant -- Zellwood, FL July 2014

VitAg Zellwood, FL Project 100% Plant Engineering (CDMSmith) Permits for Orange Cty, FL and State of FL EPC contract with guarantees Fully Funded - Notice to Proceed issued (7/12/14) Purchased 62 acres in Zellwood, FL Signed 20 year biosolids supply contract

VitAg Zellwood/Orlando, FL Site

VitAg’s AM Plant Design For Zellwood 16

VitAg’s AM Plant Design For Zellwood

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