Nationalism Around The World Mr. Ermer World History Honors Miami Beach Senior High

Ottoman Decline Through 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was in slow decline Through 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was in slow decline Europeans called it “the sick man of Europe” Europeans called it “the sick man of Europe” Steadily lost territory in N. Africa to Fr & UK Steadily lost territory in N. Africa to Fr & UK Sultan Abdulhamid II is authoritarian Sultan Abdulhamid II is authoritarian Suspends constitution and legislature Suspends constitution and legislature Young Turks, force restoration in 1908 Young Turks, force restoration in 1908 Non-Ottoman Turks want Turkish nation Non-Ottoman Turks want Turkish nation

Ottoman Collapse Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers in First World War Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers in First World War 1915: Armenian genocide 1915: Armenian genocide Turks kill over 1 million Armenians Turks kill over 1 million Armenians T. E. Lawrence pushes Arab independence T. E. Lawrence pushes Arab independence British troops seize Palestine British troops seize Palestine Ottomans surrender in 1918, kill more Armenians Ottomans surrender in 1918, kill more Armenians

The Turkish Republic After WWI, France and Britain split M.E. After WWI, France and Britain split M.E. Greece invades Turkey, Col. Mustafa Kemal takes land back, est. republic Greece invades Turkey, Col. Mustafa Kemal takes land back, est. republic Kemal is known as Kemal Ataturk Kemal is known as Kemal Ataturk Ataturk modernizes and secularizes society Ataturk modernizes and secularizes society Abolishes the caliphate in 1924 Abolishes the caliphate in 1924

Rise of Modern Iran Qajar Dynasty in Persia needs help of British and Russians to stay in power Qajar Dynasty in Persia needs help of British and Russians to stay in power British discover oil in Persia in 1908 British discover oil in Persia in 1908 Most profits go to British oil companies Most profits go to British oil companies 1921: Reza Khan takes capital city: Tehran 1921: Reza Khan takes capital city: Tehran 1925: Khan est. himself as “shah” (king) 1925: Khan est. himself as “shah” (king) Reza Shah Pahlavi makes reforms like Ataturk and renames country Iran Reza Shah Pahlavi makes reforms like Ataturk and renames country Iran

Arab Nationalism France and Britain split territory in M.East France and Britain split territory in M.East Britain: Iraq, Palestine and Jordan Britain: Iraq, Palestine and Jordan France: Syria and Lebanon France: Syria and Lebanon France and Britain draw the borders France and Britain draw the borders Ibn Saud unites Arabs in Arabian Desert Ibn Saud unites Arabs in Arabian Desert Est. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Est. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia American oil companies find oil in Saudi Arabia, kingdom becomes rich over night American oil companies find oil in Saudi Arabia, kingdom becomes rich over night

Palestine Jews left area as exiles in first century AD Jews left area as exiles in first century AD Muslim Arabs=80% of population Muslim Arabs=80% of population Both Jews and Arabs want area as own Both Jews and Arabs want area as own 1890s: Zionist (Israel) movement begins 1890s: Zionist (Israel) movement begins Balfour Declaration: Britain supports a Jewish state in Palestine Balfour Declaration: Britain supports a Jewish state in Palestine Many Jews begin to move to Palestine Many Jews begin to move to Palestine 1939: Britain tries to control flow of Jews to Palestine, tensions increase in area 1939: Britain tries to control flow of Jews to Palestine, tensions increase in area

African Nationalism WWI: Africans fight in French and British army WWI: Africans fight in French and British army German colonies go to France and Britain German colonies go to France and Britain Africans had hoped for independence Africans had hoped for independence Nationalist movements start in Kenya, spread throughout Africa Nationalist movements start in Kenya, spread throughout Africa Reforms made Reforms made African-Americans voice concern African-Americans voice concern Pan-Africanism, call for Africans to unite Pan-Africanism, call for Africans to unite

Indian Independence Before WWI, Mohandas Gandhi is active in Indian Self-Rule Movement Before WWI, Mohandas Gandhi is active in Indian Self-Rule Movement Called Mahatma, or “Great Soul” Called Mahatma, or “Great Soul” Used civil disobedience to reach goal Used civil disobedience to reach goal Indian National Congress fights for freedom Indian National Congress fights for freedom Motilal Nehru is leader of INC Motilal Nehru is leader of INC Gandhi=Hindu, traditional, Indian Gandhi=Hindu, traditional, Indian Nehru=Secular, modern, Western Nehru=Secular, modern, Western Tension between Muslims and Hindus Tension between Muslims and Hindus With independence, territory splits in two: With independence, territory splits in two: India=Hindu homeland India=Hindu homeland Pakistan=“land of the pure” is Muslim homeland Pakistan=“land of the pure” is Muslim homeland

The Rise of Japan Japan modernizes under order of emperor Japan modernizes under order of emperor Spends heavily to industrialize and build a modern military war machine Spends heavily to industrialize and build a modern military war machine Japan conquers Formosa, Korea and Manchuria (Northeast China) Japan conquers Formosa, Korea and Manchuria (Northeast China) Military gains control of the government Military gains control of the government

Revolution In China Nationalist Party: Democracy, Sun Yat-sen Nationalist Party: Democracy, Sun Yat-sen Communist Party: 1921 Shanghai Communist Party: 1921 Shanghai Two groups join to fight old warlords, and western powers in China Two groups join to fight old warlords, and western powers in China 1925: Sun Yat-sen dies, replaced by Chian Kai-shek, attacks Communists 1925: Sun Yat-sen dies, replaced by Chian Kai-shek, attacks Communists Communists go into hiding, Communist leader Mao Zedong rallies support of the poor in the countryside Communists go into hiding, Communist leader Mao Zedong rallies support of the poor in the countryside

The Long March 1931: Chiang Kai-shek drives Communists out of all cities, out to countryside with Mao 1931: Chiang Kai-shek drives Communists out of all cities, out to countryside with Mao Mao fights back with guerrilla tactics Mao fights back with guerrilla tactics 1934: Mao’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) breaks through Nationalist lines and starts 6,000 mile march to the last Communist base in NW China 1934: Mao’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) breaks through Nationalist lines and starts 6,000 mile march to the last Communist base in NW China Of 90,000 troops that started the march, only 9,000 survived Of 90,000 troops that started the march, only 9,000 survived

The New China Promised to stick to Sun Yat-sen’s dream of a republic, but first a transition period Promised to stick to Sun Yat-sen’s dream of a republic, but first a transition period Train/Educate workers, carry out land reforms and modernize industry Train/Educate workers, carry out land reforms and modernize industry New Life Movement: bring western and modern values together with traditional Chinese philosophy New Life Movement: bring western and modern values together with traditional Chinese philosophy Fear of Communism made the government in Nanjing repressive Fear of Communism made the government in Nanjing repressive

The Americas Many Latin American countries rely on one or two exports for whole economy Many Latin American countries rely on one or two exports for whole economy U.S. replaces Britain as main investor U.S. replaces Britain as main investor American companies make most $ American companies make most $ Many Latin Americans angry at U.S. control Many Latin Americans angry at U.S. control U.S. money keeps “friendly” dictators in pwr U.S. money keeps “friendly” dictators in pwr 1933: FDR issues Good Neighbor Policy 1933: FDR issues Good Neighbor Policy 1934: No American soldiers in L.A. for first time 1934: No American soldiers in L.A. for first time

Depression & Authoritarianism The Great Depression=disaster The Great Depression=disaster Governments push for industrialization Governments push for industrialization Small groups of rich control countries as an Oligarchy Small groups of rich control countries as an Oligarchy As governments take control of new industries, greedy people enter politics and establish authoritarian governments As governments take control of new industries, greedy people enter politics and establish authoritarian governments

Chapter 23 Assessment On page 476, write and answer questions 1-10 On page 476, write and answer questions 1-10