TATION AARHUS UNIVERSITY Agriculture and Nature Panel Stockholm 2011 Nick Hutchings, Barbara Amon and Rainer Steinbrecher 1

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Agriculture and Nature Panel agenda  Workplan (Nick)  Status NMVOC emissions  Status NH3 emissions from mineral fertilisers  NH3 emissions from biogas plants  Revisit NH3 emissions from crops (Nick)  Information on other relevant activities (Barbara)  Overview on the DireDate project  Overview on TFRN / EPMAN activities  Implied emission factor project  New manure management survey in Switzerland  Workplan (Nick) 2

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Workplan  Review of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions from manure management systems (4B).  Review of ammonia emissions from fertilisers (4D).  Update information on NMVOC emissions from natural vegetation  Develop methodology for ammonia emissions from biogas facilities (4B)

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management - background Organic matter Small organic compounds Methane + Carbon dioxide Anaerobic Aerobic fast slow fast NMVOC

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management - background  Emission is likely to depend on:  Climate (particularly temperature)  Storage conditions (e.g. access of air)  Duration of storage  Storage can be in animal housing or slurry tank etc

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management - background  Guidebook recognizes existence of emissions but provides no methodology  Previous attempt – unrealistically high emission factors  Were aware of ongoing measurement program in the USA  Postponed decision until this year

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management – current status  Measurements in US are completed but not available  Unclear when they will be available  Suggest adopting the current US methodology until better data become available  Based on assumption that NMVOC emissions are related to methane emissions

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management  VS = volatile solids  B 0 = methane production potential  EF = emission factor NMVOC = VS excreted x B 0 x 0.67 x EF  US EF = 1%

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management  VS = volatile solids  B 0 = methane production potential  EF = emission factor  MCF = methane conversion factor NMVOC = VS excreted x B 0 x 0.67 x MCF x EF

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management  NMVOC emission becomes a function of methane emission  How do we determine the emission factor?

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management – coming soon?  Different NMVOCs contribute to varying extents to ground-level ozone pollution  Lack of knowledge of emissions of specific NMVOCs from manure management  Advancement in measurement methods  New knowledge soon?  New sources?

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Frank Mitloehner University of California, Davis

AARHUS UNIVERSITY NMVOC emissions from manure management - options  Use the US approach  Use the US approach + MCF  Wait until next year to decide

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Ammonia emission from fertilisers  Current section is out of date  No progress to report  Insufficient resources  Suggest carrying item over to Work Plan

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Emissions from biogas production  Increasing biogas production  Originally a means to manage animal manure  Increasingly used to generate biogas from energy crops

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Emissions from biogas production  Methane, nitrous oxide, NMVOC, ammonia, nitric oxide  Methane and nitrous oxide - IPCC  Include nitrous oxide in Guidebook method – maintain nitrogen budget  Adapt Tier 2 4B methodology  How to partition emissions between NFR codes?  Builds on work presented in Cyprus last year

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Livestock Animal housing Fields Animal Feed (N) NH 3 Emissions of N from manure management excluding biogas production NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 Manure storage NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 x graz

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Livestock Animal housing Biogas reactor Digestate storage Fields Supplementary feedstock (N) Animal Feed (N) NyOxNyOx NH 3 Emissions of N from manure management including biogas production NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 Incineration Digestate storage NH 3, NO Manure storage NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 x graz Biogas export Power generation NyOxNyOx

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Partitioning emissions to NFR codes  At what stage do emissions stop being attributable to agriculture?  Agricultural products used for a variety of purposes  Food production  Energy production (e.g. use of straw for heat and power production)  Fibre products (e.g. wool)  Emissions attributed to these activities, not agriculture

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Livestock Animal housing Biogas reactor Digestate storage Fields Supplementary feedstock (N) Animal Feed (N) NyOxNyOx NH 3 Emissions of N from manure management including biogas production Emissions to be reported under NFR 4B Emissions to be reported under NFR 1.A.1, 6.C.b or 6.C.c NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 Incineration Further treatment NH 3, NO Manure storage NH 3, NO N 2 O, N 2 x graz x store x biogas x digest Biogas export Power generation NyOxNyOx

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Ammonia emission from crops  Guidebook recognized existence of emissions but provides no methodology  Processes are understood but lack of good data  Agreed last year to recommend an emission of 2kg ammonia per hectare per year of arable land  Temporary value until better data becomes available  Suggest no change  Continue to monitor the literature

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Future  Role of Agriculture and Nature Panel  Mainly inventory compilers  Research scientist go to TFRN  Better communication with scientific community

AARHUS UNIVERSITY Workplan  Review of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions from manure management systems (4B). Integrate US results when available.  Review of ammonia emissions from fertilisers (4D).  Update information on NMVOC emissions from natural vegetation  Finalise methodology for ammonia emissions from biogas facilities (4B)