Map of Currents

Which of the following does NOT cause currents? A. wind B. the Earth's rotation C. moon’s gravitational pull D. differences in water density within oceans.

TRUE or FALSE?: Waves, currents, and tides can all be caused by wind.

FALSE Only waves and currents can be caused by wind.

Surface currents are caused by: A. differences in density B. wind C. temperature differences

Surface currents are caused by: B. wind

________ are winds that blow in regular directions almost all the time. A. global winds B. coriolis effect C. prevailing winds

________ are winds that blow in regular directions almost all the time. C. prevailing winds

____________ is the effect of the Earth’s rotation on the direction of winds and currents. A. global winds B. coriolis effect C. El Nino

The Coriolis Effect

Cold currents come from_________.

Warm currents come from_________.

A_______________is the pattern of temperature and precipitation typical of an area over a long period of time. A_______________is the pattern of temperature and precipitation typical of an area over a long period of time.

TRUE OR FALSE: Currents move warm and cold water around the globe.

The Gulf Stream flows______. A. southwest B. northeast C. northwest D. straight north

The Gulf Stream brings _______ water to European countries, thus making their climates ___________.

TRUE OR FALSE: The Gulf Stream causes countries in Europe to have a colder climate.

Gulf Stream

What are deep ocean currents? Deep currents are caused by differences in density rather than surface winds. Density depends on temperature and salinity. The more salty and cold ocean water is the denser it is. More dense water drops to the bottom of the ocean and separates from less dense water, and that movement creates a current

Which of the following will sink because it is more dense? A. cold water B. warm water

Which of the following will sink because it is more dense? A. freshwater B. saltwater

Deep ocean currents are caused by____________. A. wind B. gravitational pull of moon C. differences in density

_______________ is the upward movement of cold water from the ocean depths. It brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the deeper layers of the water. _______________ is the upward movement of cold water from the ocean depths. It brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the deeper layers of the water. A. El Nino A. El Nino B. Coriolis Effect B. Coriolis Effect C. upwelling C. upwelling

_____________ is an abnormal climate event that occurs every 2 to 7 years in the Pacific Ocean. _____________ is an abnormal climate event that occurs every 2 to 7 years in the Pacific Ocean. It causes a warmer climate and effects rainfall and upwelling. It causes a warmer climate and effects rainfall and upwelling.

El Niño Video of Regular Conditions, El Nino conditions, and El Nina conditions: /science/geoanimations/ani mations/26_NinoNina.html /science/geoanimations/ani mations/26_NinoNina.html

Tides A tide is caused by: A tide is caused by: A. wind B. gravitational pull of the moon C. desnity differences.

Tides

Tides

Tides At high tide, the ocean water has risen as high as it will go on a shore. At high tide, the ocean water has risen as high as it will go on a shore. At low tide, the ocean water has fallen as low as it can go on a shore. At low tide, the ocean water has fallen as low as it can go on a shore.

Tides The highest point that ocean water comes on shore in a day is called____________.

Tides The lowest point that ocean water comes on shore in a day is called____________.

Tides The amount of time that passes between one high tide and the next high tide is____. A. 6 hours B hours C. 24 hours

Tides The amount of time that passes between high tide and and low tide is____. A. 6 hours B hours C. 24 hours

Drawing of low tide/high tide for a 24 hour period. If it is 3pm for the first low tide, six hours later it will be (the next box). Label and put time and picture. Also show the number of hours between each picture of the tides.

When the sun and moon pull at right angles to each other, producing a ___________ _______.

A _____________ __ tide is a tide with the least difference between low and high tide.

The greatest range between high and low tide, called a __________________. The greatest range between high and low tide, called a __________________.

What type of tide is this?

Quick Check 1. What causes tides but NOT waves and currents? A. winds and the moon’s gravity B. mostly the moon’s gravity C. mostly the sun’s gravity D. only winds

Quick Check 2. At the full moon, the combined gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon produce a A. surface current. B. neap tide. C. spring tide. D. rip current.

Quick Check 3. A tide which water reaches its lowest point on the beach each day is called A. neap tide. B. high tide. C. spring tide. D. low tide.

Quick Check 4. Tide with the least difference between high and low tide is called A. neap tide. B. high tide. C. spring tide. D. low tide.

Quick Check 5. A tide in which water reaches its highest point on the beach each day is called a A. neap tide. B. high tide. C. spring tide. D. low tide.

Quick Check 6. If the first high tide of the day occurs at 1:00 am, the next high tide will come closest to A. 7:00 am B. 1:00 am the next day C. 7:00 pm D. 1:00 pm

Quick Check 7. Tide with the greatest difference between high and low tide is called a A. neap tide. B. high tide. C. spring tide. D. low tide.

Quick Check 8. High tides occur A. once every two days. B. once a day. C. twice a day. D. four times a day.

1. A ________________ is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space.

Wave A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space.

2. What 3 things cause waves?

2. What causes a Wave? 1. Wind 1. Wind 2. undersea earthquakes 2. undersea earthquakes 3. undersea landslides 3. undersea landslides

Undersea Landslides

Undersea Earthquakes

3. Wind, earthquakes, and landslides transfer __________ to the water to create waves. A. sound B. water C. energy

4. What is the name of wave part A? A B CD

What is the name of wave part A? B CD

5. What is the name of wave part B? A B CD

A CD

6. What is the name of wave part D? A B CD

A B C

7. What is the name of wave part C? A B CD

A B D

Parts of a Wave

8. The highest part of a wave is__________.

9. The lowest part of a wave is__________.

10. The number of ways that pass a certain point in a certain amount of time is called __________.

11. The vertical distance from a crest to a trough is called _________.

11. The horizontal distance from a crest to a crest OR a trough to a trough is called_________.

Diagram of a Wave

12. True or False? Water particles move across the ocean.

13. What direction do water particles move?

Let’s DO the WAVE Imagine: YOU are a particle of water. Imagine: YOU are a particle of water.

How does the water move in a wave? Like the bottle in the picture, water remains in the same place as a wave of energy travels through it. Show Video #26: mjcarlso/ST/videos.html mjcarlso/ST/videos.html

14. What 3 things cause the size of the wave to INCREASE?

15. The wind in the Atlantic Ocean blows for 6 hours. The wind in the Pacific blows for 30 minutes. Which ocean will have larger waves?

16. On Monday, the wind blows at 5 mph. On Wednesday, it blows at 40 mph. Which day do I want to go to the beach for the biggest waves to surf?

17. The wind is only blowing across a ½ mile of water at 8 am. At 4 pm, it is blowing across about 3 miles of water. At which time will I see the largest waves?

18. How do waves Change Near Shore? A. Wave length increases and wave height increases B. Wavelength decreases and wave height decreases C. Wave height increases and wavelength decreases D. Wave height decreases and wavelength increases

19. What is this called?

20. What is this called?

Rip Currents Rip Currents – a rush of water that flows rapidly back to sea through a narrow opening Rip Currents – a rush of water that flows rapidly back to sea through a narrow opening

How Waves Affect the Shore Sandbar –as waves slow down, they deposit the sand they are carrying on the shallow, underwater slope in a long ridge. Sandbar –as waves slow down, they deposit the sand they are carrying on the shallow, underwater slope in a long ridge.

21. What is this called?

Longshore Drift Longshore Drift – movement of sand along the beach at an angle

22. __________ are built to stop the effect of long shore drift.

23. TRUE OR FALSE: Groins can cause erosion further down the beach.

24. What moves sand along the shore at an angle?

Long shore drift

CURRENTS