1 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Networks are Cooperation Networks are communicationNetworks are communication Communication is CooperationCommunication is Cooperation Networking since the 1970s UNINETT, NORDUnet Baltics projects NATO networking panel member Rolf Nordhagen Professor of Informatics (ret.) University of Oslo Center for Information Technology Services

2 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT INTERNET A vast technological interconnect, spanning regions, countries, continents SERVICES Electronic Mail File transfer Information browsing and capture WWW CONTENT

3 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT By creating linked information spaces on the Internet, opportunities exist to create local, regional and national information highways, spanning across communities interacting within themselves, or with other regions. By linking together citizens, schools, libraries, newspapers and other information sources, local authorities and institutions, and with outside connections, it is possible to create powerful regional electronic infrastructures.

4 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT The most optimistic views on the Internet claim that this may improve the interaction between people and institutions, permit better access to governement by those governed, and greatly ease the general access to information. Particularly for the educational process may benefit. A more open society is the goal.

5 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Examples General information Geographical information Distance Education Publishing on Demand News services Public Information

6 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT NORDUnet as an example Gestation period Nordic Council of Ministers approved 1985 NORDUNET project Mill. USD Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden Networks are cooperation

7 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT GIX Washington Reykjavik EMPB London Ebone Paris EMPB Amsterdam NASK Warshaw BALTnet Vilnius BALTnet Tallin Trondheim Copenhagen Stockholm

8 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Networks are Cooperation NORDUnet, how did it begin By enthusiasts working together in the Nordic countries creating an International project, with sufficient focus to release internordic funding. By securing support by all potentially competing organisation by letting (almost) all get a piece of the action. Strengthened by the attraction of working internationally instead of locally, and by the fact that no national groups had managed to create viable projects on their own.

9 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT NORDUnet Cooperation between 5 national networks Cooperation on International connectivity Common services and pilot development Supporting all major protocols and services Harmonising mail services Joint training of experts Cooperation with major Telecom operators

10 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Communication is Cooperation Services can rarely be done by one provider alone The necessary level of competence could not be reached on a country by country basis Institutional groups too small both in people with interest and knowledge resources and demanding users Development cooperation required on all levels

11 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT The NORDUNET lesson Many institutions scattered across several countries worked together by each getting major responsibilities Distributed projects create joint enthusiasm and work towards common goals Shared responsibilities All got benefit from building competence Network communication is working together

12 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Shared responsibilities Representative Steering Body from major national centers Initial management, Technical: Norway (OSLO), Administrative: Sweden (SICS) later moved to Denmark (UNI C) Operating centers, International Sweden (KTH) National centers Coordinated representation in International bodies

13 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT International support issues seminars and workshops, training personell exchange programs consultancy work when necessary purchase of critical equipment direct support by a time limited funding of international links

14 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT NORDUnet A/S Created 14 December 1994 to give Well defined legal body Certain freedom of action Equal control by partners Distinct from partners

15 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT NORDUnet is now a limited company NORDUnet A/S, owned and financed by Nordic states or state institutions DK - UNI-C NO - UNINETT FI - Ministry of education SE - Högskoleverket IS - University of Iceland All work done by partners by partners Small secretariat Director Peter Villemoes

16 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT 10 M$ 20 M$ Yearly Budgets

17 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT 16 USA The network in 2001 Géant NETNOD D-GIX KPNQwest

18 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT EXPENSES IN 1998 ca. 33 M$

19 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT USA LINK HISTORY

20 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Added benefits of cooperating Vastly improved services secured sustainable support from national ministries in the Nordic region. Hightened competence for smaller groups by working together Joint access to, and more influence on international work when representing a larger collaboration. ECONOMIES OF SCALE

21 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT CanadaSwedenFinlandU.S.IcelandDenmarkNorwayAustraliaSingaporeN.ZealandNetherlandSwitzerland United Kingdom % Nordic Internet penetration comparison 1999

22 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Ongoing Challenges Break the cost barrier Maintain Nordic leadership Continue collaboration Remain active in Europe The NORDUNET2 initiative

23 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT The History of Networking is Cooperation The first international connection was by satellite to Kjeller, Norway, and terrestrial to UCL, London in IETF, Internet Engineering Task Force, worldwide work on standards European networking success is due to a long series of cooperative organisations: RARERIPETERENA Nordic cooperation to support emerging networks in the Baltics Honour to CEENET !

24 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Creating plans Joint Seminars and Workshops Broad participation, R&D, Universities industry, PTT/PTO ? financial and political rep. ? Subjects the infrastructure PTT transmission facilities Universities and local site needs International connectivity and technology Financial and management aspects

25 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Cooperation Checklist Major issues Identification of sites and organisations to connect International cooperation and connectivity Which sites have possibilities now What other are prioritized in terms of ongoing projects? Identify shared responsibilities and distribution of projects How to support USERS

26 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Content driven network services Developed by working together Service providers: Computer Centers, Network operators Information Providers Libraries Educators Public, Private, Commercial

27 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Present Challenges "Multimedia" services and High Speed Technologies (ATM) New paradigms in Education Distance education Distributed libraries Electronic publishing Structure and organisation of information New adminstrative services, Region Wide Information Systems

28 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT The Vision The high capacity network as a regional, national, and international infrastructure, a highway for education, services and entertainment, with open and easy access to the publicThe high capacity network as a regional, national, and international infrastructure, a highway for education, services and entertainment, with open and easy access to the public Liberte, egalite, fraterniteLiberte, egalite, fraternite

29 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Cooperation Checklist Technical Basic transmission issues, leased line capacity and quality, alternatives, like microwave, radiolink and dial-up access Routing, placement, PC, based?, topology, international routes DNS support,.country servers, where and what is needed in terms of equipment Mail gatewaying, interworking (X.400) General equipment needs, UNIX servers, PCs, Modems

30 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Cooperation Checklist Funding and organisation Implementation cost for regional and international efforts, plan needed Operational costs, estimate needed What organisational framework will support: cooperative and shared projects the operations administrative support for registration of network, organisation and addresses the user steering of the services as a whole signing of international agreements

31 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Cooperation Checklist Policy Internet registration Relations to the local PTTs and local governments? R&D network vs public service relations? R&D networking a pilot phase before true public service? Funding initially and long term Relations to existing European activities Relations to extended connectivity CEE States Relations to national standards organisations and registration authorities

32 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Organisations/Functions Service provider/Operations centre Name registry and Address registry Technical Coordinations group for all network service providers - interconnecting/routing coordination File/Program archive, FTP, NEWS, WWW etc. Policy setting of tariffs/cost sharing The base for all must be the USERS

33 Cooperation, version 2002 USIT Operation Centre Tasks Network operation Installation, configuration of modems, routers Fault handling - international/national links Statistics, for planning Domain Name Service Routing Arbitration (Engineering, Planning, Names and Address Registry)