Day 9 – Verbs and Citation INSTRUCTOR: KYLE BRITT

Objectives Draw inferences and support inference using pieces from the text Identify elements of grammar and their function.

Warm Up Construct 10 sentences using vocabulary words of your choice. You must have at least 1 vocabulary word per sentence. Underline the vocabulary word.

Warm Up - Honors Take out your vocab note cards and place them on your desk. Answer Unit 2 section A in your VCR books. Any unfinished work will be homework. Keep to turn in on Thursday.

Adverbs Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. DOES NOT HAVE AN OBJECT. Tells where, when, how, or to what extent. It makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more definite. Ex: We lived there. (There is an adverb as it modifies the verb lived) Ex: Beth did an extraordinarily fine job. (extraordinarily is an adverb that modifies the adjective fine) Ex: We’ll meet shortly afterward. (shortly is an adverb that modifies the adverb afterward)

Verbs A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a statement. Ex: I am free. (Am is the verb as it is a state of being.) Verbs are separated into 3 categories: 1.Action 2.Linking 3.Helping

Action Verbs Action verbs tell what a person or thing does. They can express mental or physical action. Ex: The dancer performed gracefully. (Performed is an action verb as it displays what the dance is physically doing.)

Linking Verbs A linking verb joins the subject of a sentence with a word or expression that identifies or describes the subject. All forms of the verb to be are linking verbs. Ex: I am a student. (Am joins the subject, I, to the identifying word, student) Ex: The opera sounded wonderful. (opera is joined by sounded to wonderful)

Helping Verbs A helping verb (aka auxiliary verbs) helps the main verb express action or a state of being. A main word expresses an action or state of being. All forms of to be can be helping verbs. He will be using a back machine. (will be is the helping verb. It “helps” the verb using) Has my sister played her new CD for you? (Has is the helping verb. Played is the main verb.)

Verb List Memorize these verbs for the grammar quiz on Thursday. You will need Linking Verbs : Am; Is; Are; Was; Were; Be; Being; Been Helping Verbs : Have; Has; Had; Do; Does; Did; Shall; Will; Should; Would; May; Might; Must; Can; Could Action or Linking Verbs : Turn; Appear; Become; Seem; Grow; Remain; Stay; Taste; Look; Smell; Sound; Feel

Practice with Grammar Identify if the underlined word is an adverb or a preposition. Put a box around the verb and identify its type. 1. Mother Kangaroo says to her child, “Go outside and get some fresh air. Don’t be a pouch potato!” 2. A fight broke out outside the warden’s office when one prisoner called another a dirty number. 3. He put a mirror on his television set so that he could see what his children looked like. 4. The town bore called out my name several times, but I walked on, not wishing to suffer any “earitation”. 5. The secretary failed to send the letter off because she didn’t understand what the boss said between “Dear Sir” and “Yours faithfully”. 6. He dined off a special sandwich – one slice of bread between two slices of ham.

Practice with Grammar Identify if the underlined word is an adverb or a preposition. Put a box around the verb and identify its type. 7. She got through the mystery novel even though someone had written the name of the murderer on the first page. 8. The eccentric man at the bus stop did not want to open his present, an umbrella, before Christmas, and he was soaked through. 9. A motorist who had stopped his car on a country road to ask for directions to his cousin’s house got this reply from a farmer: “Well, the way you are going it’s about fifty kilometres, but if you turn around it’s only two.” 10. “Get me a book about lions!” he roared. 11. A fish which is swimming just below the surface of the water says to his buddy, “Stop making jokes, otherwise one of these days some angler is going to say to himself, ‘This fish tastes funny’!”

Practice with Grammar If the “to...phrase” is a prepositional phrase, put it in parentheses. If it’s an infinitive phrase, put it in a box. 1. Because the music was so loud, Patricia found it hard to study. 2. To win the entire tournament was our only desire. 3. Have you ever been to Seattle, Washington? 4. My sister likes to ski every winter. 5. When do we go back to school? 6. My grandparents are coming to visit. 7. Who phones in the message to headquarters about the lost children? 8. Have you shown her the pictures of your trip to Alaska?

Citations Citing is pulling information out of a text to support the readers thoughts on an expressed idea or claim. Identify examples of the author’s view in the textbook burning article. Citations can be paraphrased or direct quotes.

Closing Underline the verbs in your warm up exercise. Identify them as helping verbs, linking verbs, or action verbs. Share with the class.