© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Joseph R. Dominick University of Georgia--Athens

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Part V Impact of the Media

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Chapter 17 The Global Village: International and Comparative Media Systems  International Media Systems International Media Systems  World Media Online World Media Online  Comparative Media Systems Comparative Media Systems  Examples of Other Systems Examples of Other Systems Chapter Outline

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4  Global Print Media – Newspapers  General or financial  The International Herald Tribune  USA Today International  WorldPaper  The Financial Times of London  The Economist  The Wall Street Journal International Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5  Global Print Media – Wire Services  International flow of news dominated by global wire services  Reuters  Associated Press  Agence France Presse  ITAR-TASS  New York Times Syndicate  Los Angeles Times Syndicate International Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6  Global Print Media – Magazines  Reader’s Digest – 45 editions in 200 countries  Time (International) – 190 countries  Newsweek (International) – ½ M readers  Cosmopolitan – 31 countries  Popular Mechanics (Spanish version) – Latin America  Business Week International Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7  Global Broadcasting  Shortwave or partnerships with local FM  150 countries broadcast internationally  BBC World Service  Voice of America  Radio China International  Deutsche Welle (“German Wave”)  Radio France International  Growing rapidly: global news, sports, and music channels (CNNi, CNBC, BBC World, MTV, ESPNi) International Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8  Film and TV  Internationally, USA dominates  Box office (½ revenue of average film)  Videocassette and DVD ($200B in 2002)  TV programs (non-prime-time)  TV program format licenses (Jeopardy, Temptation Island)  Cross-border spillover International Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9  Web radio stations  Newspapers and magazines  New York Times  Le Monde  Die Welt  London Times  Asahi Shimbun  Sydney Morning Herald  Asia Week  Beat  Tokyo Journal  Art Bin  and newsgroups enable informal exchange of news and culture  WWW access not globally accessible World Media Online

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10  Four Theories of the Press (1956)  Authoritarian Theory  16 th Century England  Parallel with development of printing press  The ruling elite guides the low-intelligence masses  Public dissent and criticism are a threat  Compliance of the press through  Licensing  Censorship  Exclusive printing rights  Punishment of government critics Comparative Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11  Libertarian Theory  Matched freewheeling, rugged early America  Diametrically opposed to authoritarian beliefs  Assumes people are intelligent creatures  Government exists to serve the individual  Citizens need to hear all sides of an issue  Government serves best when it serves least  The press should be free from control Comparative Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12  Social Responsibility Theory  Press has right to criticize government  Press also has responsibility to preserve democracy  Properly informing the public  Responding to society’s needs and interests  Press not free to do as it pleases  Government may regulate press in the public interest (example: FCC and broadcasting)  Many Western nations use this approach Comparative Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13  The Communist Theory  Media are owned by the people (represented by the state)  The purpose of the media is to support the Marxist system and achieve the goals of the state  Works best in a tightly controlled society  Example: use of spillover by BBC, VOA, CNN, and others into Communist countries Comparative Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14  The Developmental Theory  Government can mobilize the media to serve national goals in economic and social development  Goals include:  Information must be managed by the government  Primarily used in non-democratic developing countries  Losing ground to the social responsibility approach Comparative Media Systems raising literacy levelspolitical integration economic self-sufficiencyeradication of disease

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Comparative Media Systems [Insert Figure 17-1 here] Figure 17-1 Theories of Media-Government Relationships

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Comparative Media Systems [Insert Figure 17-2 here] Figure 17-2 Typology of Media Ownership and Control

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17  Role of the media in various countries  Developmental – develop and build; support government; provide technical information  Communist – propaganda, persuasion, and education  Social responsibility – inform, entertain, government watchdog and adversary, consumer support, free marketplace of ideas  Economic Differences Comparative Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18  Economic Differences  USA – advertising, little government support  Western Europe  Some indirect subsidies  Scandinavia – direct support of newspapers by political parties  United Kingdom – BBC is state-charted, independents sell advertising  Communist – direct support by government, plus advertising  Less-developed countries – Ads, circulation fees, license fees; some must provide free government space Comparative Media Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19  Japan  Social responsibility model  127M people; literacy nearly 100%  120 newspapers with 70M total circulation  Yomiuri Shimbun  Asahi Shimbun  2 newsmagazines and business magazine  Nippon Hoso Kyokai patterned after BBC; yearly license fee imposed on all TV sets  5 commercial channels and 2 cable  Pioneers in DBS and HDTV  Media-rich overall Examples of Other Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20  Mexico  Developmental model  104M people; literacy rate 90%  300 daily papers with 10M total circulation  Excelsior (Mexico City)  200 magazines, best-known is Vanidades (Televisia)  Government has controlled media through  Supply of newsprint  Broadcasting permits  Bribing journalists  Radio and TV based on US system  Produces telenovelas for Latin America  Significant media content flow to USA Examples of Other Systems

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21  China  Communist model  2000 newspapers with 200M circulation  5 national newspapers  People’s Daily  Xinmin Evening News  China Daily  100 financial newspapers; 10,000 magazines  Most Chinese are rural and rely on radio  600 radio stations reach 95% of population  TV penetration at 90%  Limitations on imports, foreign news, satellite dishes  Internet penetration 4% Examples of Other Systems