Ancient Egypt The Land, the River, and the People

A shaduf in use in Kom Obo. Watering plants in a garden with a shaduf; from the tomb of the sculptor Ipuy, Deir al- Medina, 19 th Dyn

Sugar Cane Fields with the Valley of the Kings in the Background. Photograph by Brigitte Nioche.

Plowing, harvesting, and threshing; painting from the tomb of Nakht, 18 th Dyn Plowing and sowing; painting from the burial chamber of Sennedjem, Deir al- Medina, 19 th Dyn Stereoscopic view of the Nile during inundation.

Schematic cross-section of the White Nile (Rural Development in White Nile Province, Sudan, ed H R J Davies [Tokyo: United Nations University, 1986 ])

Plate Tectonics, Ma

Giza and the Pyramids

Abusir Luxor, West Bank

Panorama of the Colossi of Memnon; photograph by Tim Dellmann, 2008 Aerial view of Deir el-Medina from the west, with the Nile Valley beyond

Panoramic view of Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple, 18 th Dyn; photograph by Benjamin Franck, 2005 Panoramic view of the Valley of the Kings, view north, 18 th -20 th Dyn; photograph by Nikola Smolenski, 2008

Bedouin village in the Sahara

Palaeolithic700, BCE Saharan Neolithic Early Middle Late Predynastic Lower Egypt Neolithic Maadi Upper Egypt Badarian Naqada I (Amratian) Naqada II (Gerzean) Naqada III (Dynasty 0) 1 ST Persian Period (27 th -30 th ) d Persian Period Ptolemaic Period Macedonian Ptolemaic Roman30 BCE-642 CE