GREEN EMOTION - Adaptation of E-mobility Infrastructure to Mass-Market-Requirements Heike BARLAG Christine SCHWAEGERL Will CROOKES Siemens AG – Germany Siemens AG – Germany Alstom Grid – UK Fainan HASSAN Sebastian MATHAR Astom Grid – UK fka – Germany funded by: FP7 call TRANSPORT TREN partners, 42 Mio € Budget Project Duration: March 2011 – February 2015

Project Consortium + External Stakeholders to facilitate the access to information not held by the consortium, to disseminate Green eMotion knowledge and encourage its application outside the consortium Industries: Alstom, Better Place, Bosch, IBM, SAP, Siemens Utilities: Danish Energy Association, EDF, Endesa, Enel, ESB, Eurelectric, Iberdrola, RWE, PPC Electric Vehicle Manufacturers: BMW, Daimler, Micro-Vett, Nissan, Renault Municipalities: Barcelona, Berlin, Bornholm, Copenhagen, Cork, Dublin, Malaga, Malmö, Rome Research Institutions and Universities: Cartif, Cidaut, CTL, DTU, ECN, Imperial, IREC, RSE, TCD, Tecnalia EV Technology Institutions: DTI, FKA, TÜV Nord

Aim of Green eMotion Green eMotion aims to contribute to standardisation for EVs  Implementation of a single user-friendly framework for electromobility  Holistic approach as system integrating the elements ICT,services, interoperable equipment (vehicles and recharging infrastructure), grid infrastructure as well as policies, incentives and urban mobility concepts to ensure a smooth and efficient interaction and in the end a self explaining overall market system.

Work structure Administrative WP – Dissemination (WP10), Project Management (WP11) EU-wide inventory Demonstration WP Green eMotion framework demonstration EU-wide demonstration Synchronisation of demonstration regions WP1 Urban electro- mobility concepts WP2 WP8 Ongoing demon- stration projects G4V, MERGE, EDISON WP7: Harmonisation of technology & standards WP9: Technical, environmental, economic and social evaluation Subject: Integrated European demonstration on electro-mobility – Vehicles, infrastructure, grid, IT applications, user acceptance Electromoblity services / ICT solutions Grid EV-olution WP3 WP4 Recharging infrastructure EV technology validation WP5 WP6 Technical WP

Demonstration Regions Existing demonstration region (Potential) replication region Municipalities involved in Green eMotion Copenhagen, Bornholm, Malmö # EVs: 2,500 – 3,500 # Charging spots: Special Features: Battery swapping, cross-boarder traffic Madrid Gipuzkoa Malaga Kozani Rome Budapest Berlin Copenhagen / Bornholm/ Malmö Strasbourg Ireland (Dublin, Cork) # Electric Vehicles (EVs): 2,000 # Charging spots: 3525 (private and public) Special features: DC charging stations, kWh billing system, supplier choice Strasbourg # EVs: 100 Special features: Plug-in hybrid vehicles, cross boarder connection with Karlsruhe / Stuttgart Berlin # EVs: 100 # Charging spots: 3600 Special features: Largest integrated project world-wide testing business models and consumer behaviour Italy (Rome, Pisa) # EVs: 100 # Charging spots: 400 Special features: System approach enabling innovative services and user interfaces, kWh billing system, alternative business models testing Madrid # EVs: 10 # Charging spots: 210 Special features: Advanced RES integration studies, smart grid integration etc. Pisa Barcelona Karlsruhe/Stuttgart Dublin Cork Malaga # EVs: 30 # Charging spots: 50 Special features: Embedment in Smart City concept, V2G, B2G, DC charging stations Barcelona # EVs: 500 # Charging spots: 700 Special features: Electric mobility service citizen office, Large e-motorbike demonstration, EVS27 Karlsruhe/Stuttgart # EVs: 40 Special features: Smart Grid features, optimised bi-directional charging, cross- border connection with Strasbourg

Charging infrastructure Charging infrastructure solutions covered by Green eMotion  Smart Grids integration of recharging infrastructure  Infrastructure standardisation and interoperability  AC recharging  DC fast charging  Inductive recharging  Battery swapping infrastructures with additional focus on

Charging infrastructure Type of chargerBattery capacity usedCharging time Level 1, 3 kW10 kWh4.2 hrs Level 2, 10 kW10 kWh1.3 hrs Level 3, 150 kW10 kWh5 min Level 3, 150 kW50 kWh25 min assuming 80% charging efficiency, average consumption of 17 kWh/100 km and 150 km driving distance Charging times for different levels of chargers Characteristics fast charging (Level 3)  Charging power: 50kW up to 150kW  For commercial and public applications  Intended to perform similar to a commercial gasoline service station  Car charger should be available at any time

Infrastructue Requirements for Fast Charging LVDC system for fast chargers MVDC system for fast chargers  Standardization efforts focusing on the connectors and communication protocols for all charging levels (e.g. SAE J-1772 and IEC 61851).  Power system infrastructure supplying chargers has not yet been properly addressed; but, is the most demanding regarding system infrastructure requirements

Wireless Battery Charging Basic layout of a contactless battery charging system  Contactless battery charging system does not require any manual plugging/unplugging of the connector by the consumer  Energy transfer takes place in a contactless, fully automated manner based on a transfer module mounted on the underside of the vehicle

Schematic of the energy transfer system EMC and environmental issues Requirement: no high-strength magnetic fields during the contactless energy transfer to prevent any interference of nearby systems and components and assure the security of people and animals Wireless Battery Charging

ICNIRP (International Commission On Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection): frequency range typically used is kHz -> upper limit of 27 µT specified for a complete body exposure for civilians Standards required  Geometry (e.g. diameter) of the primary and secondary coils  System operating frequency  Primary and secondary reactive power compensation topologies Measures for avoiding potential negative impacts of electric vehicles on distribution networks will be demonstrated in Ireland Wireless Battery Charging

Mass Market (start)  Standardised solutions for vehicles infrastructure, network and IT applications available  Preconditions and user acceptance established National / Regional Projects  Proof technology (equipment level)  Test of operation and billing  First business models  Initial local consumer awareness Summary EU Project Green eMotion  Proof of interoperability  Future proofing of protocols and interfaces  Introduction marketplace and advanced services  Wider consumer awareness and acceptance EU-wide market roll out  Connection of national / regional projects  Market place  Interoperability and standards Legislative support Incentivising policies and regulation Consumer incentives Green eMotion Concept of Green eMotion