New Testament Background Production and Canon

Contents ❖ Biography ❖ History ❖ Epistles ❖ Apocalypse

P52 John 18:31–33, 37– AD

Papyrus

Papyrus

P AD Hebrews 2:5

Uncials/Majuscules Sinaiticus: Fourth Century

Vaticanus Middle of the Fourth Century

Minuscule 9th –16th centuries

Manuscripts ❖ Papyri - (125 to 300 AD) 120 ❖ Uncials/Majuscules - (300 to 800 AD) 310 ❖ Minuscules - (800 to 1500 AD) 2877 ❖ Lectionaries - (500 to 1600) 2432 ❖ Versions (100–900 AD) ❖ Citations by Church Fathers (200–500)

Families ❖ Alexandrian ❖ p66, p75, X, V ❖ closest to original ❖ Western ❖ D, Old Latin ❖ Expanded ❖ Byzantine/Ecclesiastical ❖ A, Majority Text ❖ harmonized and cleaned

INTHEGREATGREENROOMTHEREWASATELEPHONEANDAREDB ALLOONANDAPICTUREOFTHECOWJUMPINGOVERTHEMNANDT HEREWERETHREELITTLEBEARSSITTINGONCHAIRSANDTWOLIT TLEKITTENSANDAPAIROFMITTENSANDALITTLETOYHOUSEAND AYOUNGMOUSEANDACOMBANDABRUSHANDABOWLFULLOFM USHANDAQUIETOLDLADYWHOWASWHISPERINGHUSHGOODNI GHTMNGOODNIGHTMNGOODNIGHTCOWJUMPINGOVERTHEMN GOODNIGHTLIGHTNADTHEREDBALLOONGOODNIGHTBEARSG OODNIGHTCHAIRSGOODNIGHTKITTENSANDGOODNIGHTMITTE NSGOODNIGHTCLOCKSANDGOODNIGHTSOCKSGOODNIGHTLI TTLEHOUSEANDGOODNIGHTMOUSEGOODNIGHTCOMBANDGO ODNIGHTBRUSHGOODNIGHTNOBODYGOODNIGHTMUSHANDG OODNIGHTTOTHEOLDLADYWHISPERINGHUSHGOODNIGHTSTA RSGOODNIGHTAIRGOODNIGHTNOISESEVERYWHERE

Transcription Errors ✤ Unintentional ❖ Eye ❖ Ear ✤ Intentional ❖ Spelling or Grammar ❖ Historical difficulty ❖ Harmonizing ❖ Complements ❖ Doctrine

Deciding Between Variants ❖ External ❖ Date and Character of Witness ❖ Internal ❖ Scribal ❖ more difficult ❖ shorter ❖ Book ❖ author’s style ❖ immediate context

Implications for Trusting Scripture ❖ number ❖ time ❖ spread ❖ character ❖ science

Bibliography ❖ Aland, Kurt and Barbara Aland. The Text of the New Testament. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, ❖ Metzger, Bruce M. and Bart D. Ehrman. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2005.