Conflict Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot.

2 Categories of Conflict

EXTERNAL The struggle is happening outside the character, within his/ her environment or relationships with others.

INTERNAL The struggle is occurring inside the character, within his/her emotions or consciousness.

Types of Conflict Character vs Nature Character vs Society Character vs Self Internal Conflict: Character vs Human External Conflict:

Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the arrangement of events and actions within a story. Plot: The chain of related events in a story.

Types of Linear Plots Plots can be told in Chronological order Flashback In media res (in the middle of things) when the story starts in the middle of the action without exposition

Freytag’s Plot Structure Freytag modified Aristotle’s system by adding a rising action (or complication) and a falling action to the structure. Freytag used the five-part design shown above to describe a story’s plot.

Plot Structure

Plot Components Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts. Establishes the setting, main characters, and at least one conflict. Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads. The resolution of the conflict.

Subplots Subplots are the result of multiple conflicts within the plot. Each conflict has it’s own plot line, so a story can have several plotlines. If the main conflict is external, the subplot may often be internal (and vice-versa).

Map of Plot and Subplot: The Tell-Tale Heart external internal

Plot Line The planned action or series of events in a story. Exposition Climax Resolution Rising Action Falling Action

Parallel Episodes occur when the storyteller repeats the main outline of an episode several times (example: 3 Little Pigs)

Characterization The ways in which a writer develops a character, making him or her seem believable. –Sharing the character’s thoughts, actions and dialogue. –Describing his or her appearance. –Revealing what others in the story think of this character

Types of Characterization Direct: the writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells what the character is like. Indirect: the writer reveals information about a character and his personality through that character's thoughts, words, and actions, along with how other characters respond to that character, including what they think and say about him.

Characterization cont. An alert writer might recognize that the two methods of characterization fall under the decision to “show” or to “tell”. Direct characterization “tells” the reader. Indirect characterization “shows” the reader.

Direct Characterization: Julie owned a multitude of outfits and accessories, and it always took her forever to decide which combination might impress Trent. As usual, she called her sister several times for advice. After doing so, Julie decided to give the navy blue skirt with the white sweater a try.

Indirect Characterization: Julie held up six different outfits in front of the mirror and pondered which would go best with her navy blue shoes, pastel eye shadow and the diamond earrings she’d already procured from her overflowing vanity. After ninety minutes of mixing and matching, and cell-phoning her sister three times for advice, Julie finally made up her mind. She’d give the navy blue skirt and white sweater a try, hoping Trent would love it.

Motivation an element that influences a character's actions and/or personality; for instance, greed or fear could motivate a character to behave in a certain manner.