 Do you know any literary terms already?  What makes a short story a good short story?  How do author’s reveal a character to you?  What types of conflict exist?  What types of point of view exist?

Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story.

Plots can be told in Chronological order Flashback In media res (in the middle of things) when the story starts in the middle of the action without exposition

Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads

Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot.

Human vs Nature Human vs Society Human vs Self Internal Conflict Human vs Human Interpersonal Conflict

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 Theme- The main idea or lesson of a work of literature  SkxM SkxM

 Dramatic Irony- when the audience knows what’s coming but there character does not.  Situational Irony- when the outcome is distinctly different that what is expected  Verbal Irony- when a character says something that contrasts what they mean (like sarcasm)

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 Protagonist- the main character in the story (NOT necessarily the good guy).  Antagonist- the character or force that blocks the protagonist.  The antagonist must be determined based on knowledge about the central conflict!

 Someone in whom the cenrtal character confides, thus revealing the main character’s personality, thoughts, and intentions.  Does not need to be a person

 Dynamic- characters who undergo a great change throughout the plot.  Static- characters who reamin essentially the same throughout a story.

 Round characters- are diverse and well developed.  Readers know much about them and their personality contains conflicting attributes.  Flat characters- very few character traits are revealed (1-2 like a side of paper)

 Foil- a character who is placed in the story to emphasize the traits of the protagonist.

 The process an author uses of revealing a character to the reader.  Thinks  Feels  Says  Does  Looks like

 Latasha flounced into the room, her bright pink shirt and enormous purse catching eyes. She smiled at Emily across the room and sat down next to June. Quickly she flipped her hair and leaned towards June. “O.M.G. she just drives me crazy, I mean what’s with that lame vest thing she’s wearing today?” Latasha whispered. As she looked up she caught Emily’s eye and smiled again, giving a little wave. Turning towards June, she rolled her eyes. Latasha really couldn’t believe Emily had told her secret. She was really hurt by the fact that Emily couldn’t hold in a tiny white lie about stealing something like nailpolish.

 The main idea of a work of literature  SkxM SkxM

 Mood- the feeling created by the author through the descriptions and word choices  Tone- The attitude of the author towards the piece

 The rain fell relentlessly; for three weeks, gray skies and the steady sheet of rain turned the ground into a soupy mess and emotions into despair.

 She skipped gracefully towards the bubbling creek, letting her arms swing freely. A broad smile spread across her innocent face.

 They way an author reveals a character  Appearance  Actions  Thoughts  Emotions  Words

 The author tells you DIRECTLY what a character is like  She was calm and mild mannered  She always rushes through her work and stresses out a lot.  He is an incredible athlete who always listens to his coaches.

 The author describes what a character is like through revealing their words, actions, and thoughts or through having other characters say things about them.  She relaxed her shoulders and smiled at the whining child while responding with the words « it’ll all be ok »

 Sully really cares about Boo  Sully reads to Boo and picks her up gently  Mike is worried  Mike is rambling through his words quickly, muttering about getting caught. His hands fidget with papers.

 Write an example of direct characterization for Boo, Sully, or Mike  Turn that observation into indirect characterization through writing about the character’s actions, dialogue, or what another character says about them.