Keri Manning The Silk Roads NEH Summer Institute 2010 University of Hawaii- Manoa

Revisions and Innovations: HIST 315: History Topics: The Silk Roads HIST 219: Early East Asia HIST 220: Modern East Asia Future research project

Required Texts: The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia, Frances Wood Life Along the Silk Road, Susan Whitfield Religions Along the Silk Road, Richard Foltz Various handouts Course Description: This course will examine the economic, cultural, religious, and biological nexus through Central Asia known as the Silk Road. The Silk Road has never been just one route, however, but many and in fact, it was not until the nineteenth century that scholars even termed this network “the Silk Road” and begin to analyze its significance for world history. Because the Silk Roads are an area where many cultures met, the history of this region is quite complex, and cannot be understood without some familiarity with Greco-Roman, Chinese, Indian, and Islamic history as well as an appreciation for the native and often nomadic peoples of the region. In terms of time, this course will cover the Silk Road from the classical age until the early twentieth century, placing special emphasis on the particularly dynamic era between 500 and 1000 CE. HIST 315: The Silk Roads BEFOREAFTER Required Texts: The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia, Frances Wood Life Along the Silk Road, Susan Whitfield Religions Along the Silk Road, Richard Foltz The Centrality of Central Asia, Andre Gunder Franck The Golden Peaches of Samarkand, Edward Schafer Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times, Morris Rossabi When China Ruled the Seas, Louise Levathes The Monkey and the Monk: An Abridgement of The Journey to the West, Anthony Yu, ed. Pdf versions of various readings Course Description: This course will examine the economic, cultural, and religious nexus known as the Silk Roads. The Silk Roads have never been just one route, however, but many. These routes connected the Mediterranean world, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia via land as well as sea. In fact, it was not until the nineteenth century that Europeans termed this network “the Silk Road” and begin to analyze its significance for world history. Because the Silk Roads are an area where many cultures met, the histories of these regions are quite complex, and cannot be understood without some familiarity with Greco-Roman, Chinese, Indian, and Islamic history as well the histories of the native, often nomadic peoples of the region, including Uighurs and Mongols. In terms of time, this course will commence in the classical age and end in the early twentieth century.

Introduction: What is the Silk Road? Defining the Silk Road The peoples of Central Asia China’s View of the World The items of trade Buddhism along the Silk Road Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism Silk Road Travel HIST 315: The Silk Roads, Topical Outlines BEFOREAFTER Introduction: What are the Silk Roads? Defining the Silk Roads Geography History The peoples of Central Asia Xiongnu Sogdians Han China and the World Zhang Qian Alexander the Great Kushan Empire Southeast Asian Trade Maritime (Belitung) Land routes Buddhism along the Silk Road Xuanzang Ennin Dunhuang Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism Silk Road Travel Life Along the Silk Road Xuanzang

The Mongol Period Marco Polo Islam and the Silk Road Europeans and the Silk Road: Exploration and Excavation The Silk Road in the 20 th Century HIST 315: The Silk Roads, Topical Outlines BEFOREAFTER The Mongol Period Khubilai Khan Marco Polo Tibetan Buddhism Tanguts Islam and the Silk Road Sufis Ibn Battuta Ming Era Tamerlane Zheng He Europeans, “The Great Game,” and the Silk Road Nikolai Przhevalsky, Sven Hedin Aurel Stein Paul Pelliot, et al. Langdon Warner The Silk Road in the 20 th Century Ruth Harkness

Course Description: This course will survey the history of East Asia from its earliest known origins until the turn of the nineteenth century – literally thousands of years of history. Because the timeline for this course is so extensive, a detailed and thorough investigation is not possible. This course will focus upon those institutions, traditions, philosophies, and aspects of culture that have had the most lasting influences on East Asian peoples in China and Japan. It will also consider contact between these two nations and their neighbors as well as early contacts with Europeans and Americans. Course Outcomes: Successful students in HIST 219 will, upon completion of the course, be able to:  Understand the social and cultural differences between China and Japan  Define the key philosophical and religious traditions of China and Japan – including Daoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shinto – and be able to contrast them  Analyze the impact of Confucianism – in its various schools of thought – on Chinese family and government  Analyze the impact of Shinto upon the Japanese government and people  Explain the differences in how China and Japan regarded women and defined their roles  Note and explain the differences in Chinese and Japanese experiences of the Mongol invasions  Note and explain the differences between Chinese and Japanese experiences with the world beyond East Asia prior to 1800  Adhere to the guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style or Turabian handbook to correctly and thoroughly cite sources. HIST 219: Early East Asia BEFOREAFTER Course Description: This course will survey the history of East Asia from its earliest known origins until the turn of the nineteenth century – literally thousands of years of history. Because the timeline for this course is so extensive, a detailed and thorough investigation is not possible. This course will focus upon those institutions, traditions, philosophies, and aspects of culture that have had the most lasting influences on East Asian peoples in China and Japan. It will also consider cultural and economic contact between these two nations in particular as well as peoples across the Eurasian continent. Course Outcomes: Successful students in HIST 219 will, upon completion of the course, be able to:  Understand the social and cultural differences between China and Japan  Define the key philosophical and religious traditions of China and Japan – including Daoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shinto – and be able to contrast them  Analyze the impact of Confucianism – in its various schools of thought – on Chinese family and government  Analyze the impact of Shinto upon the Japanese government and people  Explain how China and Japan regarded women and defined their roles  Trace the various travel and trade routes routinely referred to as the “Silk Roads” and assess the impact of these contacts upon Japan, China, and the peoples of Central Asia and Europe  Note and explain the differences in Chinese and Japanese experiences of Mongol expansion  Note and explain the differences between Chinese and Japanese experiences with the world beyond East Asia prior to 1800  Adhere to the guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style or Turabian handbook to correctly and thoroughly cite sources.

Significant Changes to HIST 219 Extensive geographical knowledge – cities, rivers, mountains of China and Central Asia Chinese pronunciation and character recognition Incorporation of running theme – “China and its Neighbors” in lectures Reincorporation of the role of horses as a consistent theme in lectures on China Separation of discussions on Confucianism and Daoism Examination of Buddhism in China through separate discussion Use of stories of the Bodhidharma Full use of Life Along the Silk Road, rather than excerpts Cut out early chapters of When China Ruled the Seas

HIST 220: Modern East Asia BEFOREAFTER Course Description: This course will survey the history of East Asia from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. In 1800, China, Japan, and Korea were insular nations governed by emperors whose claim to power came from heaven itself. Today they are all pivotal players in world politics the ever more global economy. This course will focus upon how those changes have been wrought and especially on how those changes have affected the lives of East Asian people themselves. We will also investigate themes of revolution, resistance, gender, and contact with the West. Course Outcomes: Successful students in HIST 220 will, upon completion of the course, be able to: Appreciate the social and cultural differences between China, Japan, and Korea Identify the challenges that faced the last dynasty of China and reasons for its fall Explain the impact of Western contact on East Asia and discern the reasons why interactions with Europeans and Americans took such different paths in different nations Assess the strengths and weaknesses of competing parties of China in the first half of the twentieth century Trace the economic and cultural changes in China and Japan since 1945 Adhere to the guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style or Turabian handbook to correctly and thoroughly cite sources. Course Description: This course will survey the history of East Asia from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. In 1800, China, Japan, and Korea were governed by emperors whose claim to power came from heaven itself. While these nations traded with one another and neighboring Central, South, and Southeast Asian states, relations with Europe and the America were characterized by suspicion and defensiveness. Today, China, Japan, and Korea have secular governments and are all pivotal players in world politics and the ever more global economy. This course will focus upon how those changes have been wrought and especially on how those changes have affected the lives of East Asian people themselves. We will also investigate themes of revolution, resistance, gender, and globalization. Course Outcomes: Successful students in HIST 220 will, upon completion of the course, be able to: Appreciate the social and cultural differences between China, Japan, and Korea Identify the challenges that faced the last dynasty of China and reasons for its fall Explain the impact of imperial contact on East Asia and discern the reasons why interactions with Europeans and Americans took such different paths in different nations Assess the strengths and weaknesses of competing parties of China in the first half of the twentieth century Trace the economic and cultural changes in China and Japan since 1945 Anticipate the international roles that the nations of East Asia will play in the 21 st Century Adhere to the guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style or Turabian handbook to correctly and thoroughly cite sources.

Significant Changes to HIST 220 Extensive geographical knowledge – cities, rivers, mountains of China and Central Asia Chinese pronunciation and character recognition Introduction of Confucianism Incorporate readings and discussion on the expeditions of Sven Hedin, Aurel Stein, and other significant European travelers of the late 19 th and early 20 th century Explore Dunhuang Project, British Museum Exploration or Exploitation? Who owns the artifacts of history? Debate term “Silk Road,” coined in this era Examination of Central Asian peoples, especially those of contemporary political significance, such as Uighurs and Tibetans

Significant Changes to HIST 220 Analyze the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics (directed by Zhang Yimou) as a cultivated projection of China’s self-image Consider the role of pandas in 20 th and 21 st century China as a symbol and metaphor in foreign relations

Future Research Project: The Panda Road? The Roosevelt Brothers Ruth Harkness War and Revolution Pandas in the Cold War Nixon’s Pandas Scientific exchange