12 Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 Two Great Dynasties in China QUIT 12 CHAPTER Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 Chapter Overview Time Line MAP SECTION 1 Two Great Dynasties in China SECTION 2 The Mongol Conquests SECTION 3 Empire of the Great Khan SECTION 4 Feudal Powers in Japan GRAPH SECTION 5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Visual Summary

HOME 12 CHAPTER Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 Chapter Overview China, the most advanced country in the world, is conquered by the Mongols, who overrun most of Asia and eastern Europe. They rule briefly before losing their empire. China and India influence the cultures of Japan, Korea, and many Southeast Asian kingdoms.

12 Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 HOME Time Line 600 1350 CHAPTER Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 Time Line 618 Tang Dynasty begins 300-year rule in China. Scholar-officials managed the Tang government. 935 Koryu Dynasty controls Korea. 1185 Kamakura shogunate rules Japan. 600 1350 794 Heian period begins in Japan. 960 Song Dynasty established in China. 1279 Kublai Khan conquers China.

Two Great Dynasties in China Key Idea 1 HOME 1 Two Great Dynasties in China MAP Key Idea During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China becomes the richest, most powerful, and most advanced country in the world. Its trading routes extend throughout Asia. Overview Assessment

Two Great Dynasties in China Overview 1 • Tang Taizong • Wu Zhao HOME 1 Two Great Dynasties in China MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • Tang Taizong • Wu Zhao • movable type • gentry MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced an era of prosperity and tech-nological innovation. Chinese inventions from this period, such as printing, gunpowder, and the compass, changed history. Assessment

Two Great Dynasties in China 1 1 HOME 1 Two Great Dynasties in China MAP Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the similarities and differences between the Tang and Song dynasties. Tang Only Song Only Both Expanded the empire, had a female ruler, reformed the civil service Prospered through trade, improved agriculture, created great art and literature Ruled smaller empire, developed into great sea power, created paper money and movable type continued . . .

Two Great Dynasties in China 1 1 HOME 1 Two Great Dynasties in China MAP Section 1 Assessment 2. What impact did improvements in transportation have on Tang and Song China? THINK ABOUT • ways transportation was improved • how these improvements were made • relationships among regions in China • trade with other countries ANSWER Possible Responses: • Expanded roads and canals linked regions of China and spurred trade. • Advances in sailing technology expanded sea trade and cultural exchange with other nations. continued . . .

Two Great Dynasties in China 1 1 HOME 1 Two Great Dynasties in China MAP Section 1 Assessment 3. What actions taken by the Sui, Tang, and Song emperors strengthened China’s empire? What actions weakened it? THINK ABOUT • military gains and losses • changes to the government • improvements in transportation and trade • cultural changes ANSWER Possible Responses: Strengthened: built Grand Canal (Sui); guarded Silk Roads, improved roads, promoted trade, restored civil service (Tang); improved agriculture, expanded sea trade, issued paper money (Song) Weakened: imposed high taxes, lost control of empire (Tang); lost northern China (Song) End of Section 1

The Mongol Conquests Key Idea 2 HOME 2 The Mongol Conquests Key Idea The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Central Asian steppes, succeed in conquering most of Asia and eastern Europe. They establish the largest empire the world has ever seen and briefly rule China. Overview Assessment

The Mongol Conquests Overview 2 • pastoralist • clan • Genghis Khan HOME 2 The Mongol Conquests TERMS & NAMES Overview • pastoralist • clan • Genghis Khan MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe, conquered settled societies across much of Asia. The Mongols built the largest unified land empire in world history. Assessment

HOME 2 The Mongol Conquests Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the series of events leading to the creation of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan unites Mongols. Genghis Khan conquers Central Asia. His son Ogadai becomes Great Khan. Mongols spread conquest south, east, and west. Ogadai dies and westward campaign ends. Mongol Empire controls much of Eurasia. continued . . .

HOME 2 The Mongol Conquests Section 2 Assessment 2. What characteristics of Mongol culture do you think contributed to their military success? Explain your response. THINK ABOUT • how the nomadic way of life shaped Mongol culture • the personality and leadership qualities of Genghis Khan • Mongol weapons and tactics ANSWER Possible Responses: • Nomadic groups fought among themselves, which geared them for warfare. • Contact with other cultures brought new weapons and tactics. • Large supply caravans gave armies mobility and flexibility. • Riding skills, stirrups made cavalry powerful. • Mobile way of life was well suited for war. End of Section 2

Empire of the Great Khan Key Idea 3 HOME 3 Empire of the Great Khan Key Idea Mongol rule opens China to foreign visitors and to extensive trade both internally and abroad. Marco Polo’s visit to China introduces the country and its many inventions to Europe. Overview Assessment continued . . .

Empire of the Great Khan Overview 3 • Kublai Khan • Marco Polo HOME 3 Empire of the Great Khan TERMS & NAMES Overview • Kublai Khan • Marco Polo MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Kublai Khan ruled China and encouraged foreign trade, but the Yuan Dynasty was beset by problems. The influence of Chinese ideas on Western civilization began with the Mongols’ encouragement of trade. Assessment

Empire of the Great Khan 3 3 HOME 3 Empire of the Great Khan Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List seven events that show the impact of Kublai Khan on East Asia. Kublai Khan Established a Mongol dynasty (Yuan) Extended foreign trade Conquered China Improved communication within China and across Asia Fought unsuccessful wars in Southeast Asia Failed to conquer Japan Reunited China continued . . .

Empire of the Great Khan 3 3 HOME 3 Empire of the Great Khan Section 3 Assessment 2. Judging from the events of the Yuan Dynasty, do you think the Mongol policies toward the Chinese were effective? THINK ABOUT • the accomplishments of Kublai Khan as emperor of China • the Mongols’ policies towards the Chinese • the military campaigns of Kublai Khan • the fate of the Yuan Dynasty ANSWER Possible Responses: No—The policies only made the Chinese resent the Mongols and eventually rebel; granting the Chinese more power and freedom might have led them to accept Mongol rule. Yes—The Chinese resented foreign rule, and strong policies kept them at bay; only weakened leadership allowed the dynasty to be overthrown. continued . . .

Empire of the Great Khan 3 3 HOME 3 Empire of the Great Khan Section 3 Assessment 3. What evidence is there that the Chinese way of life influenced the Mongol conquerors? THINK ABOUT • the seat of Kublai Khan’s empire • Kublai’s actions as emperor of China ANSWER Possible Responses: • Kublai Khan spent years in China and adopted many of its ways. • He built luxurious palaces and dressed as a Chinese emperor. • He moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing. • He kept Chinese government institutions in place. End of Section 3

Feudal Powers in Japan Key Idea 4 HOME 4 Feudal Powers in Japan GRAPH Key Idea Japanese civilization is shaped by Chinese influence, the clan system, and a feudal system. Rival war lords eventually set an emperor over all of Japan. Overview Assessment

Feudal Powers in Japan Overview 4 • Shinto • samurai • Bushido HOME 4 Feudal Powers in Japan GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • Shinto • samurai • Bushido • shogun MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural borrowing from China and the rise of feudalism and military rulers. An openness to adapting innovations from other cultures is still a hallmark of Japanese society. Assessment

HOME 4 Feudal Powers in Japan GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Summarize the main periods and events in Japanese history between the years 300 and 1300. Event Two Event One Event Four Event Six Event Three Event Five Event Seven 500 Koreans bring Buddhist images and scriptures to Yamato court. 794 Capital moved to Heian. 1192 Yoritomo becomes first shogun. 300 Chinese writings first mention Japan. 600s-800s Japan adopts aspects of Chinese culture. 1000-1200 Feudal system develops. 1274 and 1281 Japan turns back Mongol invasions. continued . . .

HOME 4 Feudal Powers in Japan GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 2. Was the rise of the shogun beneficial for Japan overall? Explain. THINK ABOUT • problems developing in feudal Japan • powers of the shogun • achievements under the Kamakura shoguns ANSWER Possible Responses: Yes, a strong military leader can reduce conflicts between rival clans. No, power is concentrated in one person. End of Section 4

Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Key Idea 5 HOME 5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Key Idea India and China heavily influence Vietnam, Cambodia, Korea, and other Southeast Asian cultures. These kingdoms struggle to remain independent. Overview Assessment

Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Overview 5 • Khmer Empire HOME 5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea TERMS & NAMES Overview • Khmer Empire • Angkor Wat • Koryu Dynasty MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Several smaller kingdoms prospered in East and Southeast Asia, a region culturally influenced by China and India. Chinese cultural influences still affect East and Southeast Asia today. Assessment

Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea 5 5 HOME 5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Section 5 Assessment 1. List six important kingdoms or dynasties covered in this section, and at least two major accomplishments of each. Kingdom or Dynasty Accomplishments Khmer Built irrigation system and Angkor Wat Srivijaya Dominated Strait of Malacca; created center of Buddhist learning Sailendra Prospered through agriculture; built Borobudur Vietnam Gained independence from China; defeated the Mongols Silla United Korea; developed writing Koryu Established civil service; produced celadon pottery continued . . .

Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea 5 5 HOME 5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Section 5 Assessment 2. Give examples to show how geography influenced the history and culture of Southeast Asia and of Korea. THINK ABOUT • the climate • location relative to other countries • natural features of water and land ANSWER Possible Responses: • Southeast Asia’s climate favored rice production. • Proximity to India and China helped shaped its culture. • Sea routes provided profitable trade. • Mountain ranges and the sea helped Korea remain independent from Japan. End of Section 5