EXAM REVIEW

1. ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

Anatomical Position

Anatomical Planes

Axis of Rotation 1.Longitudinal – Example: 2.Horizontal – Example: 3.Antero-posterior – Example:

Terminology to know: Anterior/Posterior Superior/Inferior Proximal/Distal Medial/Lateral Superficial/Deep Pg. 6 in textbook

Example Questions: The nose is _________ to the ears. The hip is __________ to the knee. The thumb is on the ______ side of the hand.

Types of Body Movement Retraction/Protraction Abduction/Adduction Flexion/Extension Pronation/Supination Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion Depression/Elevation Reposition/Opposition Inversion/Eversion External Rotation/Internal Rotation Circumduction pg. 4-5 in textbook

Example Question: Identify the 2 actions below: 1. 2.

2. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Axial vs Appendicular Skeleton

5 Types of Bones Know definitions and where these bones are found in body

Anatomy of Long Bone pg. 12 – figure 2.3 Know definitions and to label: – Diaphysis – Epiphysis – Cancellous bone – Compact bone – Periosteum – Medullary cavity

Key Bones Cranium (temporal, frontal, occipital, parietal) Zygomatic bone Mandible & maxillary Vertebral column (#s) (cervical – C1-C7, thoracic – T1-T12, lumbar – L1-L5) Sacrum Coccyx = tailbone Clavicle Scapula 12 ribs (7 true, 3 false, 2 floating) Sternum & xiphoid process Humerus Radius & ulna Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges Pelvic girdle (ilium, pubis) Femur Patella Tibia & fibula Calcaneus Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges Pg , 18-19, in textbook

Example Question: What view is this in?

Bone Problems Fractures 1.Simple fracture 2.Compound fracture 3.Comminuted fracture Stress fractures Osteoporosis

3. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Types of Muscle 1.Skeletal muscle 2.Cardiac muscle 3.Smooth muscle

Muscles to Know: How to Label, Function, Common Name 1.Supraspinatus 2.Infraspinatus 3.Teres minor 4.Subscapularis 5.Rectus femoris 6.Vastus lateralis 7.Vastus intermedius 8.Vastus medialis 9.Biceps femoris 10.Semimembranosus 11.Semitendinosus 12.Gastrocnemius 13.Soleus

Muscles to Know: Label 1.Latissimus dorsi 2.Trapezius 3.Biceps bracii 4.Triceps brachii 5.Deltoid 6.Levator scapulae 7.Sartorius 8.Gracilis 9. Tensor Fasciae Latae 10. Rhomboid Major/Minor 11. Serratus Anterior 12. Pectoralis Major 13. Rectus Abdominis 14. External Obliques 15. Gluteus Maximus 16. Tibialis Anterior 17. Tibialis Posterior

MOVEMENTAGONISTANTAGONIST Elbow Flexion Elbow Extension Knee Flexion Knee Extension Arm Abduction Arm Adduction Plantar Flexion Dorsiflesion Trunk Flexion Trunk Extension Thigh Abduction Thigh Adduction Neck Flexion Neck Extension BicepsTriceps TricepsBiceps HamstringsQuadriceps QuadricepsHamstrings Deltoid Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Major Deltoid GastrocnemiusTibialis Anterior Tibialis AnteriorGastrocnemius Rectus AbdominusErector Spinae Erector Spinae Rectus Abdominus Gluteus Medius Gracilis Gracilis Gluteus Medius Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid

Isotonic ExerciseIsometric Exercise

C B A

I bandA band

4. JOINT MECHANICS

Joint Mechanics 1.Synarthrosis  Fibrous Joint 1.Amphiathrosis  Cartilaginous Joint 1.Diarthrosis  Synovial Joint

Fibrous JointCartilaginous Joint Synovial Joint

Types of Synovial Joint

Synovial Joint Characteristics Know definitions: Articulating cartilage Joint capsule Joint cavity Bursae (Bursa – singular) Intrinsic ligaments Extrinsic ligaments

Joints of the Body DO NOT MEMORIZE! Refer to your knowledge from the bones Ligaments of Knee (MCL, ACL, PCL, LCL)

Joint Injuries Joint injuries discussed in PowerPoint Treatment of injuries S H A R P P.I.E.R. Principle