Ancient Greece = City-States

Warm-Up 1. Write your name on your mythology product and have it on your desk. 2. Pop-Quiz = How did mythology influence the ancient Greeks? ◦ Complete this on the little piece of white paper. ◦ No, you may not open your notebook or use your notes.

The Rise of City-States

Athens - GovernmentSparta - Government Democracy Council of 500 chosen by lottery Assembly of 6,ooo citizens, debated, made decisions, approved laws Oligarchy – ruled by a small group of people. 2 kings Council of elders chosen by vote. Assembly of men over 30, did not debate, and could have decisions over-ruled.

Athens - EconomySparta - Economy Based on trade ◦ Traded with neighboring city- states and countries around the Mediterranean Sea. Traded oil, honey, silver, pottery. Made its own coins Based on farming (slaves called Helots took care of the land) and conquest (war). Discouraged trade. Heavy iron bars were first used as money.

Athens - EducationSparta - Education To make good citizens. Varied academic courses – math, reading, science, philosphy, writing, history, athletics. 2-year military service. Boys only. To make good warriors. Courses emphasized physical development. ◦ Basic Reading and Writing. Military service until age 60. Boys and Girls educated. ◦ Girls were expected to defend Sparta when the men were away. ◦ Girls were expected to produces strong babies.

Athens – Women and SlavesSparta – Women and Slaves Women could not own or inherit land. Women’s influence primarily in home. Slaves did various types of work – tutors, skilled laborers, farmed, mines, etc. Slaves were treated according to their master. Women managed husband’s land. Women could own and control property. Slaves (Helots) were treated harshly. Once a year, helots were killed to “control” Spartan society.

Spartan Women An Athenian citizen heard about educating Spartan women and said, “Teaching a woman to read and write? What a terrible thing to do! Like feeding a vile snake on more poison.”

War & Conquest – Fall of City-States This is the last box of your notes.

In the 400’s BCE, the Persian Empire tried to conquer Greece. Led by Sparta and Athens, the Greeks resisted and defeated Persians, keeping Greek culture alive.

The Peloponnesian War Decades later, Athens and Sparta fought each other in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta, having the better army, became the dominant power in Greece. However, this war weakened the city- states.

Alexander the Great In 338 BCE, King Phillip II of Macedonia used his well trained army to conquer Greece. His son, Alexander took control conquering the Persian Empire, and became known as Alexander the Great. Alexander’s empire extended into North Africa, the Middle east, and Asia. As his empire expanded, Greek culture spread.

Alexander’s Empire

Discussion Questions Explain how geography influenced ancient Greeks. ◦ Include the following points…  Economy  Jobs  Government  City-States  Downfall

The Peloponnesian War Game The class will be divided into two teams. One team will represent Sparta and the other Athens. The two sides will fight against each other in the Peloponnesian War. The diagram will represent the battlefield. It includes a map of ancient Greece which has been divided into 16 sections – 1A, 1B, etc. Both Sparta and Athens will have their army and navy “hidden” in various squares. Both will occupy 8 spaces – a few spaces will contain both Spartans and Athenians.

Rules to the War Game 1. The teacher asks a question about Sparta and Athens. 2. The team will provide an answer within 7 seconds. If they are correct, that team will choose a space on the map where they think the enemy is hiding. 3. If they do, then all will mark the space with the letter of the team who “killed” the enemy – A for Athens and S for Sparta. If you pick a space with your own forces or if there is no one there, you will be told, “there are no enemy soldiers here at this time”. You will then place a dot on the space. Teams have the chance to choose again to see if anyone is actually there. 4. If a wrong answer is given, the other team receives the turn. 5. The team that wins the Peloponnesian War Game is the one which completely destroys the other team’s army and navy. Happy Hunting!!!

Independent Activity  Which city-state was the most influential in the ancient world and in the modern world?  Provide a minimum of three supporting details.