23-27 Oct rd International Precipitation Working Group Workshop Melbourne, Australia JAXA’s Precipitation Missions Riko OKI and Misako KACHI Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Core Satellite Dual-frequency Precipitaion Radar (JAXA and NiCT) Multi-frequency Radiometer (NASA) H2-A Launch (TBD) TRMM-like Spacecraft Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit ~65° Inclination ~407 km Altitude ~5 km Horizontal Resolution 250 m / 500m Vertical Resolution Constellation Satellites Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers Aggregate Revisit Time, 3 Hour goal Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits 500~900 km Altitude OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers. OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications. Global Precipitation Processing Center Capable of Producing Global Precipitation Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners Precipitation Validation Sites Global Ground Based Rain Measurement GPM Reference Concept

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Japan-U.S. joint mission, flying since Nov World's first and only space-borne precipitation radar (PR) with microwave radiometer and visible- infrared sensor Three-dimensional observation of rainfall by PR Hurricane KATRINA approaching South US, observed by TRMM at 0323Z 28 Aug Annualized rainfall observed by TRMM/PR

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) Observing various geophysical parameters related to global water and energy cycle. Accomplished the scheduled three-year mission and initiating long-term climate monitoring. AMSR-E sea surface temperature (SST). EOS-Aqua(NASA) El Nino monitoring by AMSR-E. Time series of SST anomaly (AMSR-E minus climate SST) in the box area of upper figure.

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Launch: 24 January, Objectives: Cartography Regional observation Disaster monitoring Resource surveying Mt. Fuji observed by PRISM PALSAR(L-band SAR) Cloud-free Day-night observation Optical sensors

Oct rd IPWG Workshop JAXA Earth Observation Program for GEOSS A plan of advanced low Earth orbit satellites GOSAT CPR/EarthCARE Water SBA Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM) AMSR2(GCOM-W) Scatterometer (GCOM-W) SGLI (GCOM-C) Cloud Profiling Radar (EarthCARE) Climate SBA Greenhouse Gas Observation Sensor (GOSAT) Disaster SBA SAR(disaster monitoring satellites), Optical Sensor(Geo-stationary EO satellite) To develop and operate an Earth Observation System for GEOSS With ESA DPR/GPM With NASA Optical Sensor/ Geo-stationary EO satellite SAR/disaster monitoring satellites GCOM-W GCOM-C With NASA

Oct rd IPWG Workshop The Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Necessity and Importance of GPM in Japan - Contribution to the social benefit - GPM greatly contributes to the operational use and practical application, such as Improvement of numerical weather forecast Improvement of typhoon prediction Contribution to the flood alert system Global precipitation observation, and observation of the three dimensional precipitation system by GPM core spacecraft, which carries DPR with high sensitivity of 0.2mm/h, contributes to various studies and activities such as Effect of the climate change to the precipitation Water cycle study in global scale Geo 10 year implementation plan

Oct rd IPWG Workshop GPM program status in Japan DPR DRR (Development Readiness Review) was successfully completed in Dec, Approved to start preliminary design and engineering model development of DPR in JAXA GPM/DPR science and application meeting was held in March, 2006 Review and discussion about mission success criteria, mission requirements, DPR specification Overview of the research and application activities in Japan Science plan CAPACITY BUILDING IN ASIA "EARTH OBSERVATIONS IN THE SERVICE OF WATER MANAGEMENT" Held successfully at Bangkok, Thailand in September, 2006 Participation of about 120 persons from 22 countries CEOS precipitation constellation activity Jointly led by NASA & JAXA, with participation of various organizations Draft of the scoping paper was discussed in CEOS SIT-19, and will be submitted to CEOS Plenary-20 One year study is planned to generate implementation plan

Oct rd IPWG Workshop GPM program status in Japan (cont.) DPR development schedule was re-defined for accommodating June 2013 GPM core spacecraft launch. DPR observable range specification was changed based on the science requirements, and design has been modified to accommodate this new requirement Was : 18km to surface Is : 19km to surface Preliminary Design Review (PDR) KuPR and KaPR components PDR will be held in December, 2006 DPR – S/C interface PDR planned in March, 2007 DPR system PDR planned in April, 2007 Science and application activity Algorithm development Simulation data generation for algorithm development started Investigation about DPR level 1 and level 2 algorithm (KuPR, KaPR, and dual frequency algorithm), and DPR & GMI combined algorithm have been continued. Development of precipitation map generation algorithm including microwave radiometer data has been continued (cooperation with GSMaP) -> Drs. Aonashi &Ushio GPM science document (in Japanese) was prepared Joint study with Public Works Research Institute has been started regarding GPM application for flood monitoring Preliminary survey about utilization of microwave sounder data for GPM has been started

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Global Flood Alert System (GFAS) Real-time 3-hourly Precipitation Data On-Line On-Line GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) Precipitation Information around the Upstream PresentPrecipitation Estimated Precipitation Probability IFNet/GFAS will receive and utilize real-time 3-hourly global precipitation data obtained from GPM to disseminate flood information to the concerned countries. Ground Stations (NASA, JAXA) Data Processing System (NASA, JAXA) Disaster Prevention Organizations of the concerned countries the concerned countries Estimation of precipitation probability > Flood Alert ! Raw Data

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Composite of Precip. retrievals (6 hours) （欠損値）

Oct rd IPWG Workshop GCOM Mission Overview Establish and demonstrate the global and long-term Earth observing system (contribute to GEOSS) Contribute to improving climate change prediction in concert with climate model research institutions Contribute to operational users such as meteorological agencies Promote comprehensive data use in conjunction with other satellite and ground data Investigate potential data analysis methodology Configuration GCOM-WGCOM-C Orbit (TBD) Sun-synchronous Altitude: 699.6km Inclination: 98.19deg Descending local time: 1:30 Sun-synchronous Altitude: 798km Inclination: 99.36deg Descending local time: 10:30 Instruments AMSR2 SeaWinds F/O (-W2, -W3:TBD) SGLI Launch Date Mission Life5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years) Launch VehicleH-IIA

Oct rd IPWG Workshop GCOM-W Overview Targets of GCOM-W/AMSR2 are water- energy cycle. GCOM-W AMSR2 characteristics Scan Conical scan microwave radiometer Swath width1450km Antenna2.0m offset parabola antenna Digitalization12bit Incident angleApporox. 55 degree PolarizationVertical and Horizontal Dynamic range K Band (GHz) Band width (MHz) Polari- zation Beam width [deg] (Ground resolution [km]) Sampling interval [km] V and H 1.8 (35 x 62) (24 x 42) (14 x 22) (15 x 26) (7 x 12) (3 x 5)5 AMSR2 AMSR2 will continue AMSR-E observations (water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, wind speed, sea ice concentration etc.). If GCOM-W2, W3 has scatterometer, GCOM-W scatterometer in afternoon orbit will increase time resolution and data coverage in combination with the METOP/ASCAT in morning orbit (to achieve every 6 hours observation).

Oct rd IPWG Workshop GCOM-W1 Development Schedule JFY Items Mile Stone X Phase-up review GCOM-W 1 Concept StudyPreliminary Design GCOM-W Satellite busCritical Design Satellite Development （ 3.5y ） AIT AMSR2 Shipping Preliminary Design / BBM AMSR2 AMSR2 Development (2.5y) 2005 （ H17 ） 2012 （ H24 ） 2008 （ H20 ） 2007 （ H19 ） 2006 （ H18 ） 2009 （ H21 ） 2010 （ H22 ） 2011 （ H23 ） X SAC review X Configuration Decision X GCOM-W Launch Phase-APhase-B/C/DPhase-E

Oct rd IPWG Workshop Summary JAXA’s Earth observation satellites are described as a national key technology in the 3 rd Science and Technology Basic Plan (2006) in Japan, and are one of Japanese key contribution to the GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan. GPM mission and GCOM-W series will contribute to “Water” Societal Benefit Area in GEOSS, which is one of three major Japanese contribution area. Although delay of GPM mission schedule, development of DPR is going smoothly and making steady progress. To develop high-frequent and high-accuracy precipitation products in GPM era, JAXA coordinates with expanded user community, such as IFNet, ICHARM, etc., and collaborates with GSMaP group led by Prof. Okamoto. Formal GCOM-W1 project will be launched in JFY 2007.