© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Unit 6 Seminar “The events of our lives happen in a sequence in time, but in their significance to ourselves, they find their own order…the continuous thread of revelation.”—Eurdora Welty KU120 Prof. Brian Koster

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Review from Unit 5  Space Order  Time Order  Listing

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers The Classification Pattern  Authors use the classification pattern to sort ideas into smaller groups and describe the traits of each group.  Each smaller group, called a subgroup, is based on shared traits or characteristics.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Transitions Used in the Classification Pattern  Another (group, kind, type)  Characteristics  First (group, categories, kind, type)  Second (group, categories, kind, type)  Order  Traits

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Example “Wetlands” is a general term that includes several types of vital links between water and land. One type of wetland is a bog; it is characterized by spongy peat deposits, acidic waters, and is covered by a carpet of sphagnum moss. Another type of wetland is the marsh, which is a wetland frequently swamped with water; it is characterized by soft-stemmed vegetation. Finally, a swamp is a type of wetland dominated by woody plants.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Thought Patterns in Textbooks  Textbook authors use transitions to make relationships between ideas clear and easy to understand.  Often authors mix thought patterns in the same passage or paragraph.  The effective reader looks for the author’s primary thought pattern.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Comparison-and-Contrast  Comparison points out the ways in which two or more ideas are alike. “Writing, like farming, follows a planting, growing, and reaping cycle.”  Contrast points out the ways in which two or more ideas are different. “Women differ from men in their styles of communication.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words & Phrases of Comparison  Alike  As  As well as  Equally  In like manner  In a similar fashion  In a similar manner  In the same way  Just as  Just like  Like  Likewise  Resemble  Same  Similar  Similarly

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words and Phrases of Contrast  Although  On the one hand  Conversely  To the contrary  Nevertheless  Differently  At the same time  In contrast  Different  Still  On the contrary  Even though  Instead  As opposed to  On the other hand  Difference  Despite  Yet  But  In spite of  Different from

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Combined Comparison-and-Contrast  “Although yoga and Pilates share similar characteristics, an important difference exists. Both yoga and Pilates are low-impact forms of exercise that improve posture, flexibility, and contraction. However, the primary goal of Pilates is to strengthen the midsection and buttocks. On the other hand, yoga does not focus on any one part of the body. Rather yoga works the opposing muscles of the entire body.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Cause-and-Effect  A cause states why something happens.  An effect states a result or outcome. “Because Selena memorized the algebra formulas and practiced using them, she did well on the test.” “Due to the amount of snow on the streets and highways, schools and businesses have shut down.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Cause-and-Effect Words  Because  Consequently  Accordingly  Because of  Leads to  Results in  As a result  Due to  If-then  Since  So  Therefore  Thus

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Unit 6 Project The Unit 6 Project is worth 105 points. Let’s review the project in detail

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Unit 6 Assignments The following assignments are due no later than 11:59pm ET on Tuesday: 1) Unit 6 Reading 2) Unit 6 Discussion 3) Unit 6 Seminar 4) Unit 6 Project Continue working on your Reading Level Exercises and KU085 assignments.