Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 18 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 18

Key Concepts  Improving energy efficiency  Types and uses of solar energy  Types and uses of flowing water  Uses of wind energy  Types and uses of biomass  Use of geothermal energy  Use of hydrogen as a fuel  Decentralized power systems

The Importance of Improving Energy Efficiency  Energy efficiency  Net energy efficiency Least Efficient  Incandescent lights  Internal combustion engine  Nuclear power plants

Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency  Cogeneration  Efficient electric motors  High-efficiency lighting  Increasing fuel economy  Alternative vehicles  Insulation  Plug leaks

Using Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and Electricity Photovoltaic PV Cell – the Next Generation Photovoltaic PV Cell – the Next Generation Introduction to Solar Energy Solar generators Solar generators

Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat  Passive solar heating  Active solar heating Enertia home and Earthships Examples: Enertia home and Earthships Examples Requires an input of electricity to circulate hot water

Producing Electricity from Moving Water  Large-scale hydropower  Small-scale hydropower  Pumped-storage hydropower  Tidal power plant  Wave power plant

Producing Electricity from Wind

Producing Energy from Biomass  Biogas  Crop residues  Animal manure Waste to energy Cellulosic ethanol Anaerobic Digestor  Biofuels Microalgae diesel Fat to Biofuel Is Ethanol the Solution? Is Ethanol the Solution?

Geothermal Energy  Geothermal heat pumps  Geothermal exchange  Dry and wet steam  Hot water  Molten rock (magma)  Hot dry-rock zones Examples - Iceland

The Hydrogen Revolution  Extracting hydrogen efficiently  Extracting hydrogen efficiently  Storing hydrogen  Fuel cells  Environmentally friendly hydrogen  Environmentally friendly hydrogen

Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower  Decentralized power systems  Micropower systems

Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy Fig p. 407

Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Cars  Hybrid electric-internal combustion engine  Electric  Hybrid electric-internal combustion engine  Electric  Fuel cells

Biofuel Solution? Ethanol: ABC – Is Ethanol the Solution? Biodiesel: Hydrogen Solution? Why has hydrogen had such limited success? Hybrids & Electric Cars? Limited power? Hypercars? What is the best way to improve cars? Which of these solutions do you see yourself taking advantage of in the future? Why? What is our best solution for the future? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each solution? Transportation : Cars of the future? Will we be driving cars in the future?