AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Sustainability - issues & options Rob Vos Queensland Executive

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Sustainability and management “If you don’t measure it you can’t manage it” Are we measuring enough of what’s important o Safety impacts – skid resistance, geometrics, events o Pavement – what’s there, how is it performing? Local materials perform differently Understand and test pavement strengths Promote innovative greener / safer options

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Adequate funding is a sustainability requirement

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Sustainability and road funding levels

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Including all the costs Overall costs of road transport – who carries the biggest load? Smooth roads reduce fuel consumption Users carry 95% of costs >7% saving in costs

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Measuring & managing Measuring “carbon” o Collaborative efforts of government & industry o Firm opportunities to use sustainable products Energy used in asphalt manufacture Road surfacing vs road construction – carbon generation Carbon footprint calculators RTA Greenhouse gas inventory

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Embodied energy & CO 2

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Material scarcity Scarcity considerations for materials Peak oil myth or message? Human Skills DETAIL ON SOME PRODUCTSAvailability 15 to 20 yearsGreen Alternates Q1Quarry products – road baseOK, limits in urban areasNo – cheapest option Q2Quarry products – concrete stoneOK, limits in urban areasNo – cheapest option Q3Quarry products – asphalt stoneOK, limits in urban areasNo – cheapest option Q4Quarry products – surfacingsAs above but high PAFVManufactured & slag C1Cementitious – limeCapacity limitationsImports? Fly ash C2Cementitious – cementOK, some capacity limitsImports C3Cementitious - fly ashCapacity & quality limits B1Binders – bitumenOK, high import capacityResearch level only, plant based, Tars – economic, not green B2Binders – polymer modifiedProduction capacity limitsCrumb rubber - waste B3Binders – bitumen emulsionsProduction availability & limitsNo B4Binders – cutback bitumenOK, no known limits, JetA1Emulsions F1Fuels – dieselOK, imports vs limitsLNG F2Fuels – petrolOK, imports vs limitsEthanol & LPG F3Fuels – keroseneOK, no known limits, JetA1No F4Fuels – LPGLimited by distributionNo F5Fuels – LNGLimited by facilitiesNo F6Fuels – fuel oilOK, coal dust alternateLNG, LPG

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Skill scarcity Construction’s boom & bust cycle RIP - good demand smoothing & cost reducing Are not locally sufficient in skills nor Australia New “green skills” need to be grown

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Improving performance and sustainability Performance improvements Flexible pavements solutions available – now Flexible pavement solutions – on the horizon

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Perpetual pavements Never exceed maximum tensile strength Top down cracking only failure mechanism Replace wearing course periodically Manage by pavement deflections Very long life Ownership simplified Materials saved 40 – 75 mm SMA, OGA 100 to 150 mm 75 to 100 mm

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Flexible pavements solutions available – now Perpetual pavements Recycled asphalt pavements (RAP) Warm mix asphalt – process change on DGA Emulsion based primes, primer seal & seals Use of waste material – tyres, glass & fly ash Bitumen stabilised materials – foamed asphalt Protection of scarce road surfacing gravel Modified binders for temperature risk Social responsibility – lower odour binders

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Warm Mix Asphalt

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Use of waste material – crumb rubber Motor car & truck tyres a land fill problem Unhealthy in stockpiles – flies, mosquitoes.. Can be shredded forming an elastomeric modifier Concerns: o Fumes with possible health impacts at 200°C temps o Limits to availability o Transport/storage stability variable “Green”, but health issues unclear & need evaluation...

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Modified binders for temperature risk UsageNameSoftening Point Range ⁰C Observation Seal grade bitumenCL Lab results Seal grade PMB low stressS0.3B to 4 ⁰C improvement Seal grade PMB high stressS4.5S to 48 ⁰C improvement Seal grade Crumb RubberS15RF to 13 ⁰C improvement Asphalt grade bitumenCL Lab results Asphalt grade PMB low stressA0.6S to 41 ⁰C improvement Asphalt grade PMB high stressA5S to 51 ⁰C improvement

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & options Flexible pavement solutions – on the horizon Carbon Capture in bitumen production Putting waste products to use Bitumen substitutes Energy from asphalt Active asphalt

AAPA Q TMR Senior Management Meeting 23 June 2010 – Sustainability - issues & optionsVegecol

Overview Managing our C0 2 & sustainability issues requires measurement and relative assessments of our impact – road users too Opportunities exist to promote a more sustainable flexible pavement sector Innovation and new approaches exist and should be being implemented now Time to open up to allow progress into more sustainable outcomes