From universal principles to global business practices Stuart ArnoldQinetiQ Jonathan EarthyLloyd’s Register INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly 2002

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly The changing system engineering paradigm De-emphasis of systems engineers in system development making all the system decisions - we all do system engineering Life cycle thinking - don’t throw problems and cost over the wall Simplistic sequence gives way to more realistic life cycle representations - linearity maps into hierarchy Enterprise, project and engineering all influence a system - systems placed in an organisational context Bounding the problem - system of interest, system elements, enabling systems Life cycle management - synonymous with risk management and control

ISO/IEC has been six years in the making.

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Systems Engineering Mil-std- 499 Software Engineering 1969 Mil-Std- 499A 1974 Mil-Std- 499B 1994 EIA /IS EIA ISO IEEE P IEEE ISO Amd Perry halts DoD solutions, US favour civil standards Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process Process for Engineering a System Systems Engineering System Life Cycle Processes ISO Life Cycle Management Software Life Cycle Processes Life Cycle Management Software Life Cycle Processes A brief history of Systems Engineering process standards

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly ISO/IEC Active participants Australia Brazil Canada Czech Republic China Denmark France Germany Israel Italy Japan Korea Up to 35 around the table Overall cost: ~ $10M Russia South Africa Sweden Spain UK USA

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly ISO/IEC Milestones Jun ‘94: Study group on software-system relationship Mar ‘95: US ANSI New Work Item proposal Apr ‘96: ISO/IEC JTC1 approval of the project May ‘96: Work started July ‘99: CD 1(766 comments) Feb & Nov ‘00: CD 2 (1589 comments) May ‘01: CD 3 (673 comments) Nov ’01: FCD (715 comments, mostly TL/E) Feb ’02: FDIS July ‘02 International Standard approval Nov ’02 ISO Publication

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly

Systems engineering is described as a key part of an organisation’s business practices.

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Systems Engineers Project Managers Business Managers Specialist Engineers Enterprise Processes Project Processes System Technical Processes Implementation Technology Processes Scope and profile of business processes

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Enterprise Processes Project Processes System Technical Processes Systems Engineers Project Managers Business Managers Specialist Engineers Implementation Technology Processes Profile of ISO/IEC 15288

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Business Processes Organizational Capability Professional Competence Business Excellence Why processes are key to defining and applying Systems Engineering

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly CMM2 Systems Engineering Software Engineering EIA/IS 731 ISO TR15504 EIA ISO x Systems Engineering Capability Process for Engineering a System System Life Cycle Processes SW CMM CMMI EIA /IS ISO A very short history of Capability Assessment

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly System Engineering to specialist disciplines JTC SC7 –ISO/IEC Systems engineering - System life cycle process –ISO/IEC AMD1 Information Technology - Software life cycle process –ISO/IEC Process assessment TC159 –ISO Human-centred design for interactive systems –ISO TR Human-centred life cycle process descriptions –PAS xxxxx Process assessment of human-system issues TC176 –ISO 9001 Quality Management System IEC SC65 Functional safety –IEC Functional Safety- safety related systems.

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Stages + enabling systems Enterprise/Project processes Technical processes HS.4.1 Human resources strategy HS.4.2 Define standard competencies and gaps HS.4.3 Design manpower solution and delivery plan HS.4.4 Evaluate system solutions HS.1.1 HS issues in conception HS.1.2 HS issues in development HS.1.3 HS issues in productionand utilization HS.1.4 HS issues in utilization and support HS.1.5 HS issues in retirement HS.3.1 Context of use HS.3.2 User requirements HS.3.3 Produce design solutions HS.3.4 Evaluation of use HS.2.1 HS issues in business strategy HS.2.2 HS issues in quality mgmt. HS.2.3 HS issues in authorisation and control HS.2.4 Management of HS issues HS.2.5 HF data in trade-off and risk mitigation HS.2.6 User involvement HS.2.7 Human system integration HS.2.8 Develop and re-use HF data Human -centred design Human resources Life cycle involvement Human factors integration ISO/IEC Process Assessment

A view of systems engineering has evolved – one that is more relevant to present day commerce.

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Use so far (WG7 meeting review ) NB should not be using it at all yet - use is by people who have been involved in the development. Defence - UK(AMS), SWE (FMV), Canada (DND), France (DGA) Organisations - Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grummen, QinetiQ Professional Bodies - IEE, IEEE, INCOSE Very different profile from

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly The Marine Sector ships carry 96% of goods transport as few as 12 people in charge of 440,000 tons, value $70M (with cargo of a similar value) 380 metres long, propulsion power 37MW recycling everything except fuel (uses 150 tons of oil a day) Design life years, some still in operation after 70 years can move, stay still, and work in temperatures from -35 to +45C and severe storms vast, inter-linked set of sub-systems all delivered to minimum tender built in a year

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Unintended Complexity computers used for economy - functionality for market differentiation closed systems and “glue code” interfaces - no detailed specification compliance culture - third party safety ships are not designed systems ship control systems are not designed to control the ship

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Process Risk Assessment EC ATOMOS IV project, process risk assessment on a 4.3Meuro research SCC retrofit project two-part assessment , and IEC 61508, and HS model used: Quality Management, Architectural Design, Validation, Implementation, Verification, Supply, Stakeholder Requirements Definition usability and utility of processes

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Dependable Systems Review new premium process improvement service for owners with complex ships based on the concepts of and principles of ISO “walk through” a project with the client identifying barriers to achieving technical processes use workshops, audits and training as appropriate findings so far

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Conclusions management of system life cycles is key to organisational well-being by placing system engineering in a business context the story is more relevant initial finding that life cycle processes work well for assessment and for process improvement analyse enterprise and project barriers to technical achievement will give systems engineering the recognition it deserves systems engineering is on the business map

INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly Thank you Stuart Arnold QinetiQ Jonathan EarthyLloyd’s Register