Chapter 3: Power supplies and Form Factors

After you have completed this lesson, you will be able to: Objectives After you have completed this lesson, you will be able to: Identify different kinds of power supply, computer case, and form factor Describe how electricity is measure Protect your computer system against damaging changes in electrical power Describe Energy Star specifications Install power supply & troubleshoot electrical problem Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Computer Case, Motherboard and Power Supply Form Factor describes the size, shape, and major features of a hardware component. The Form Factor of motherboard, power supply, and case must all match Using a matching form factor for the mother board, power supply, and case assures you that: The motherboard fit in the case The power supply cords and voltage match to the board The holes in motherboard align with the hole in the case Holes in the case align with port coming of the motherboard For some form factors, wires for switches and lights on the front of the case match up with connection on the board Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Computer Case, Motherboard and Power Supply A computer case is also known as a chassis Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor Different form factors apply to power supplies, cases, and motherboards: BTX ATX LPX NLX Backplane systems AT form factor (outdated) The most common form factor: ATX, MicroATX, BTX, and NLX The most popular form factor is ATX BTX is the latest Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor 12” x 13.8 “ 1980s +5, -5, +12, -12 volts AT original IBM AT(Advance Technology) personal computer used in the 1980s. A small call Baby AT. AT is difficult to install, service, and upgrade. It is place in front of the expansion slot; long cards might not fit the slots 12” x 13.8 “ 1980s +5, -5, +12, -12 volts Uses p8, p9 connector Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor Baby AT provide more flexibility than Full AT. Standard form factor from 1993-1997. power supply designed for Baby AT blow air out of the computer case, rather than pull air into it as does the AT case fan. 13” x 8.7” No longer produced. Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor 12” x 9.6” most common by Intel 1995 better arrange reduce EMI installing simpler CPU beside expansion slot blow air out of case use P1 connector Soft switch or soft power Mini-ATX 11.2” x 8.2 “ www.formfactor.org flexATX is used in slimline and all-in-one cases, allow maximum flexibility in the design of system case and boards so can be good choice for custom systems. Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor MicroATX Form Factor Reduce total cost of a system by reducing: I/O slots on the motherboard Power supply to the motherboard Allowing for a smaller case size BTX (Balanced Technology Extended) Form Factor Flexible and can be use by large to small system Support ATA, USB 2.0, and PCI Express technologies Reducing heat with better air flow, improve fan and cooler Use 24-pin power connector LPX and Mini-LPX Form Factors Develop by Western Digital Use small case call low-Profile cases and slimline cases Has only one expansion slot with a riser card mounted Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor NLX Form Factor Backplane Systems For low-end personal computer motherboard Developed by Intel in 1998 to improve old LPX The riser card is on the edge of the board Designed to use ATX power supplies Backplane Systems Do not use a true motherboard Active Backplane: no circuit other than connectors and some buffer and driver circuits Passive backplanes: contain no circuitry at all Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Form Factor Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Cases Desktop Cases Classic case with four drives bay and around six expansion slots A monitor is stand on the case The motherboard sits on the bottom of the case with power supply at the back Compact cases or low-profile cases or slim-line cases follows either the NLX LPX or Mini-LPX form factor likely to have fewer drive bays, and some expansion. Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Cases Tower Cases Minitower (Microtower) Full-size towers Can be as high as two feet and has several room drives Often used for servers, and good for PC users for upgrade Provide maximum space for working inside The variations in case are as follows: Midsize towers, also called miditowers are the most popular Have around 6 expansion slots and 4 hard drives bays Used for ATX, Mini-ATX, and BTX systems Minitower (Microtower) Is the smallest type of tower case, no room for expansion Full-size towers Used for high-end personal computers and servers Build for ATX, Mini-ATX, and BTX system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Cases Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Type of Cases Notebook case Are used for portable computers Conserve space, allow portability, use less power, produce less heat Manufacturer Web site Asus www.asus.com Axxion Group Coperation www.axxion.com Enlight Corporation www.enlightcorp.com Maxpoint Computers www.enermaxusa.com MGE Company www.mgecompany.com PC Power and Cooling www.pcpowerandcooling.com PCI Case Group www.pcicase.co.uk Sunus Suntek www.suntekgroug.com Table 4-1 Manufacturers of cases and power supplies for personal computers Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Measures and Properties of Eelectricity Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Power supplies and Form Factors AC and DC AC (alternating current): goes back and forth DC (direct current): travel in only one direction Rectifier: is a device that converts AC to DC Transformer: is a device that changes the ratio of current to voltage Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Some Common Electronic Components Usa use 110 v Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Protecting Your Computer System Static Electricity (or ESD) Is the phenomenon that can damage component when you touch these components. To protect ESD use: Ground bracelet or static strap Ground mats Static shielding bags EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) Is cause by magnetic field produced as a side effect when electricity flows Surge Protection and Battery Backup (UPS) Surge Suppressors (surge protector) Power Conditioner Uninterruptible Power Supply Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Protecting Your Computer System Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Protecting Your Computer System Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Protecting Your Computer System What to consider when buying a UPS Clamping voltage: Joule(jewel) Line conditiners Swell or spikes Brownouts or sags Line-interactive Smart ups or intelligent ups Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Energy Star Systems (The Green Star) Also called Green Standards: A computer or devices that conforms to these standards can go into sleep or doze mode when not in use, thus saving energy and helping the environment. Power-management method and features ACPI (Advance Configuration and Power Interface) APM (Advanced Power Management) AT Attachment (ATA) Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) Energy Star Monitor Green Standards, generally mean that the computer or the devices has a standby program that switches the device to sleep mode when it is not in use. Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Energy Star Systems (The Green Star) Green Standards, generally mean that the computer or the devices has a standby program that switches the device to sleep mode when it is not in use. Copyright © 2007 - CIST

In this chapter, you will learn: Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: Computer case, Motherboard, and Power Supply Form Factor Type of Form Factor Types of cases Measures and properties of electricity Protect your computer system Energy Star system Troubleshooting the electrical system Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Troubleshooting the Electrical System Possible symptoms of a problem with the electrical system are: The PC appears “dead”—no lights, no spinning drive or fan The PC sometimes halts during boots. After several tries, it boots successfully. Error codes or beeps occur during booting, but they come and go. You smell burnt parts or odors. (Definitely not a good sign!) Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Troubleshooting the Electrical System Check the simple things firs. Try these things: Is everything connected and turned on? Are any cable connections loose? Is the computer plugged in? Are all the switches turn on? If the fan is not running, turn off the computer, open the case (Check connection of cable, are all card securely seat) If you smell burnt parts, turn off the system and carefully search for the source of the problem Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Troubleshooting the Electrical System Problems with external power Problem with loose internal connections Problem that come and go Problem with an inadequate power supply Problem with the power supply, boards, or drives Problem with the power supply fan Problem with the mother board Problem with overheating Replacing the power supply Detail in other file Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Summary active backplane electromagnetic interference (EMI) passive backplane alternating current (AC) Energy Star Power conditioners AT field replaceable unit (FRU) rectifier ATX Flex ATX resistor Baby AT Form factor sags backplane system full AT sleep mode BTX (Balance Technology Extended) Green Standard slimline case bus riser intelligent UPS smart UPS capacitor LPX surge suppressor diode Micro-ATX tower case direct current (DC) Mini-LPX transformer desktop case NLX transistor Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Summary Form Factor is a set of specifications for the size and configuration of hardware components, such as case power supplies and mother boards. The most common form factor is ATX. The other like AT, Baby AT, BTX, LPX and NLX, Backplane System. Case type include desktop, low-profile or slimline desktop, minitower, miditower, full-size tower and notebook. Miditower is the most popular today. Microcomputer requires Direct Current, which convert from AC (Alternating Current). Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Summary A power supply is actually a transformer and rectifier, rather than a supplier of power. A transistor is a gate or switch for an electrical signal, a capacitor holds an electrical charge, a diode allow electricity to flow in one direction, and a resistor limits electrical current. To protect a computer against ESD, use a ground bracelet, ground mat, and static shielding bags. Device that control the electricity to a computer include surge suppressors, line conditioner, and UPS. Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Power supplies and Form Factors QUIZ – choose the correct answer How many kind of UPS are there? - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Line conditioner level the AC to reduce - brownout - spikes - power - voltage A faulty power supply can cause: - Memory error - data errors - system hangs - reboot - it can damage a mother board or other components Device that are Energy Star-compliant go into sleep mode, in which they use less than - 35 watts of power - 30 watts of power Copyright © 2007 - CIST

Video ‘chapter 3/Replacing the power supply’ Question Questions? Video ‘chapter 3/Replacing the power supply’ and now it’s time to practice Copyright © 2007 - CIST