OCEANIA! What, or where is it even at? Wait…

OCEANIA Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. The region can range from its three sub-regions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia to the entire region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago. Between 2 and 30 countries exist in Oceania depending on which source you use!

OCEANIA Malaysia The Philippines Indonesia New Zealand Brunei Singapore Papua New Guinea Australia Oceania’s Elite Four

AUSTRALIA!

AUSTRALIAN POLITICS Official title: ‘The Commonwealth of Australia’ Official title: ‘The Commonwealth of Australia’ Government type: Federal parliamentary democracy, Government type: Federal parliamentary democracy, Commonwealth realm (16 member alliance of former British colonies who share Queen Elizabeth II as their constitutional monarch) Commonwealth realm (16 member alliance of former British colonies who share Queen Elizabeth II as their constitutional monarch) Capital: Canberra Capital: Canberra Legal system based on the English model Legal system based on the English model Suffrage is universal and compulsory for all youth age 18 and older Suffrage is universal and compulsory for all youth age 18 and older Women are allowed to serve in all positions of the government and military that men are, as long as they can pass the same exam. Women are allowed to serve in all positions of the government and military that men are, as long as they can pass the same exam.

AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY GDP of about $1.1 Trillion (2014 est.) GDP of about $1.1 Trillion (2014 est.) Currency: Australian Dollar Currency: Australian Dollar Major trade partners: China, US, Japan, Singapore, Germany, South Korea, and Thailand Major trade partners: China, US, Japan, Singapore, Germany, South Korea, and Thailand Exchange rate to US Dollar: to 1. Exchange rate to US Dollar: to 1. Australia’s economy is very stable, meaning it’s a safe place to invest money Australia’s economy is very stable, meaning it’s a safe place to invest money Continuous growth for almost 50 years now Continuous growth for almost 50 years now Very low unemployment (6%), coupled with low public debt, and low inflation Very low unemployment (6%), coupled with low public debt, and low inflation Major Industries: Mining, Industrial and Transportation equipment manufacturing, food processing, chemicals, steel, and farming. Major Industries: Mining, Industrial and Transportation equipment manufacturing, food processing, chemicals, steel, and farming. Member of G20 Member of G20

AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHY Australia is a continent located between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. Australia is a continent located between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. Geographic coordinates: S, E Geographic coordinates: S, E Natural Resources: Some fertile farmlands, coal, iron ore, gold, aluminum, bauxite, copper, tin, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, natural gas and oil Natural Resources: Some fertile farmlands, coal, iron ore, gold, aluminum, bauxite, copper, tin, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, natural gas and oil Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in the south and east; tropical in the north Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in the south and east; tropical in the north Terrain: Mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast Terrain: Mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast Natural hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts, forest fires, volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald islands Natural hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts, forest fires, volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald islands Slightly smaller than the ‘US Lower 48’ at 2,988,902 sq. miles  Slightly smaller than the ‘US Lower 48’ at 2,988,902 sq. miles 

AUSTRALIAN SOCIAL Population: 22,507,617 (as of July 2014) Population: 22,507,617 (as of July 2014) Population density of 1.08 inhabitants per square mile Population density of 1.08 inhabitants per square mile Population Growth Rate: 1.09% Population Growth Rate: 1.09% 26.8% Obesity Rate 26.8% Obesity Rate Gender ratio: 1.01 males/female Gender ratio: 1.01 males/female Music Preferences: very similar to here in the US and in the UK Music Preferences: very similar to here in the US and in the UK Legal Drinking Age: 21 Legal Drinking Age: 21 Virtually the entire country has cell phone service. Virtually the entire country has cell phone service. Common hobbies include: Surfing, soccer, swimming, tennis, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc. Common hobbies include: Surfing, soccer, swimming, tennis, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc.

AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE Education is mandatory in Australia from ages Education is mandatory in Australia from ages The average literacy rate is 99%, however in Tasmania that drops to about 50% The average literacy rate is 99%, however in Tasmania that drops to about 50% 37 government-funded universities and 2 private universities 37 government-funded universities and 2 private universities Due to modern medicine and hospital practices, Australia has the fourth highest life expectancy in the world. The state runs all hospitals in the country. Due to modern medicine and hospital practices, Australia has the fourth highest life expectancy in the world. The state runs all hospitals in the country. Government spends 10% of its budget on medical research and health care. Government spends 10% of its budget on medical research and health care.

Now in your notebook, answer the following question How dense is the population of Australia? (per square mile) How does Australia’s pop. density compare to the population density of Tillamook County? (Tillamook County’s pop. Density is: 22 people per square mile) Turn to a partner, and discuss the following:

NEW ZEALAND! (Maori Warriors)

NEW ZEALAND POLITICS Official title: New Zealand Official title: New Zealand Government type: Parliamentary democracy, and a Commonwealth realm Government type: Parliamentary democracy, and a Commonwealth realm Capital: Wellington Capital: Wellington Legal system based on the English model, with special legislation and courts for the Maori people Legal system based on the English model, with special legislation and courts for the Maori people Suffrage is universal for all youth age 18 and older Suffrage is universal for all youth age 18 and older

NEW ZEALAND ECONOMY GDP of about $136 billion (2014 est.) GDP of about $136 billion (2014 est.) Currency: New Zealand Dollar Currency: New Zealand Dollar Major trade partners: Australia, China, US, Japan, Singapore, and Germany Major trade partners: Australia, China, US, Japan, Singapore, and Germany Exchange rate to US Dollar: to 1. Exchange rate to US Dollar: to 1. New Zealand’s economy is stronger today than its ever been, despite having just pulled out of a major recession. New Zealand’s economy is stronger today than its ever been, despite having just pulled out of a major recession. Continuous growth for almost 22 years now Continuous growth for almost 22 years now Very low unemployment (6.4%), coupled with average public debt, and moderate inflation Very low unemployment (6.4%), coupled with average public debt, and moderate inflation Major Industries: Food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking, insurance, tourism, and mining. Major Industries: Food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking, insurance, tourism, and mining. New Zealand has several wealthy individuals, they also have many poor people New Zealand has several wealthy individuals, they also have many poor people

NEW ZEALAND GEOGRAPHY New Zealand is comprised of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia New Zealand is comprised of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia Geographic coordinates: S, E Geographic coordinates: S, E Natural Resources: Natural gas, iron ore, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone, fishing, and some farming. Natural Resources: Natural gas, iron ore, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone, fishing, and some farming. Climate: temperate with sharp regional contrasts due to the mountainous terrain Climate: temperate with sharp regional contrasts due to the mountainous terrain Terrain: Mostly mountainous with some large coastal plains Terrain: Mostly mountainous with some large coastal plains Natural hazards: earthquakes are common, but normally not severe, volcanic activity. Natural hazards: earthquakes are common, but normally not severe, volcanic activity. New Zealand’s capital of Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world. New Zealand’s capital of Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world. About the size of Colorado at 103,363 sq. miles  About the size of Colorado at 103,363 sq. miles 

NEW ZEALAND SOCIAL Population: 4,401,916 (as of July 2014) Population: 4,401,916 (as of July 2014) Ethnic groups: European=71%, Maori=14%, Asian=11%, etc. Ethnic groups: European=71%, Maori=14%, Asian=11%, etc. Population density of 6.56 inhabitants per square mile Population density of 6.56 inhabitants per square mile Population Growth Rate: 0.85% Population Growth Rate: 0.85% 26.5% Obesity Rate 26.5% Obesity Rate Gender ratio: 0.99 males/female Gender ratio: 0.99 males/female Music Preferences: very similar to here in the US and in the UK Music Preferences: very similar to here in the US and in the UK Legal Drinking Age: 18 Legal Drinking Age: 18 Cell service is limited in parts of the country, but there is access everywhere. Cell service is limited in parts of the country, but there is access everywhere. Common hobbies include: Rugby, cricket, surfing, soccer, swimming, rock-climbing, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc. Common hobbies include: Rugby, cricket, surfing, soccer, swimming, rock-climbing, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc.

NEW ZEALAND SCIENCE Education is mandatory in New Zealand from ages Education is mandatory in New Zealand from ages Literacy rate is 99%, even among the Maori tribes. Literacy rate is 99%, even among the Maori tribes. New Zealand has 8 partially government-funded universities New Zealand has 8 partially government-funded universities New Zealand has the sixteenth highest life expectancy in the world. The state runs most of the hospitals in the country. New Zealand has the sixteenth highest life expectancy in the world. The state runs most of the hospitals in the country. Government spends $10 billion dollars on health, education, and science. Government spends $10 billion dollars on health, education, and science. New Zealand is ranked 7 th best in the world at science and reading, and 13 th in Math. New Zealand is ranked 7 th best in the world at science and reading, and 13 th in Math.

How many New Zealand Dollars will 10 US dollars get me if I exchange them? (Think E. factors) $12.47

INDONESIA!

INDONESIAN POLITICS Official title: Republic of Indonesia Official title: Republic of Indonesia Government type: Republic Government type: Republic Capital: Jakarta Capital: Jakarta Legal system based on the Roman-Dutch model, and is influenced by customary law. Legal system based on the Roman-Dutch model, and is influenced by customary law. Suffrage is universal for all youth age 17 and older, as well as married persons regardless of age. Suffrage is universal for all youth age 17 and older, as well as married persons regardless of age.

INDONESIAN ECONOMY Member of G20 Member of G20 GDP of about $856.1 Billion (2014 est.) GDP of about $856.1 Billion (2014 est.) Currency: Indonesian Rupiah Currency: Indonesian Rupiah Major trade partners: China, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, US, and India. Major trade partners: China, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, US, and India. Exchange rate to US Dollar: 11,840 to 1. Exchange rate to US Dollar: 11,840 to 1. Wealth gap divide is pretty bad, but starting to get better. Wealth gap divide is pretty bad, but starting to get better. Very low unemployment (5.7%), coupled with moderate to low public debt, and significant inflation Very low unemployment (5.7%), coupled with moderate to low public debt, and significant inflation Major Industries: Oil and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments, handicrafts, fertilizers, plywood, rubber, coffee, processed food, jewelry, and tourism. Major Industries: Oil and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments, handicrafts, fertilizers, plywood, rubber, coffee, processed food, jewelry, and tourism. Indonesia has many wealthy individuals, they also has 11% of its people living well below the poverty line Indonesia has many wealthy individuals, they also has 11% of its people living well below the poverty line

INDONESIA GEOGRAPHY Indonesia is located in Southeastern Asia, the country is an archipelago between the Pacific and Indian Oceans Indonesia is located in Southeastern Asia, the country is an archipelago between the Pacific and Indian Oceans Geographic coordinates: 5 00 S, E Geographic coordinates: 5 00 S, E Natural Resources: Oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, very fertile soils, coal, gold, silver Natural Resources: Oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, very fertile soils, coal, gold, silver Climate: Tropical, hot, humid, more moderate in the highlands of the bigger islands Climate: Tropical, hot, humid, more moderate in the highlands of the bigger islands Terrain: Mostly coastal lowlands, larger islands have interior mountains Terrain: Mostly coastal lowlands, larger islands have interior mountains Natural hazards: occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes (host to the most volcanoes in the world), forest fires, etc. Natural hazards: occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes (host to the most volcanoes in the world), forest fires, etc. Slightly less than three times the size of Texas at 741,100.2 sq. miles  Slightly less than three times the size of Texas at 741,100.2 sq. miles  (land area)

INDONESIAN SOCIAL Population: 253,609,643 (as of July 2014) Population: 253,609,643 (as of July 2014) Population density of inhabitants per square kilometer Population density of inhabitants per square kilometer Population Growth Rate: 1.29% Population Growth Rate: 1.29% Obesity Rate= 4.8% Obesity Rate= 4.8% Major Religions: Islam, 87%, Christian 9%, other 4% Major Religions: Islam, 87%, Christian 9%, other 4% Gender ratio: 1.00 males/female Gender ratio: 1.00 males/female Music Preferences: Traditional, modern, heavy Dutch and Chinese influence on tastes. Music Preferences: Traditional, modern, heavy Dutch and Chinese influence on tastes. Legal Drinking Age: 18 Legal Drinking Age: 18 Cell service is limited in many parts of the country, but there is good access in and around the cities Cell service is limited in many parts of the country, but there is good access in and around the cities Common hobbies include: Gambling, rugby, cricket, surfing, soccer, swimming, rock- climbing, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc. Common hobbies include: Gambling, rugby, cricket, surfing, soccer, swimming, rock- climbing, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc.

INDONESIA SCIENCE Education is mandatory in Indonesia 6 days a week from 7am to 3pm, for all children age 6-11; yet is still one of the worst in the world. Education is mandatory in Indonesia 6 days a week from 7am to 3pm, for all children age 6-11; yet is still one of the worst in the world. The average literacy rate is 95.6% for men, 89.6% for females The average literacy rate is 95.6% for men, 89.6% for females Indonesia has over 200 government-funded universities, however less than half of those are internationally competitive. Indonesia has over 200 government-funded universities, however less than half of those are internationally competitive. Due to modern medicine and hospital practices in the cities, Indonesia has the 113 th highest life expectancy in the world…. The state runs many of the hospitals in the cities, but with half of the population living in rural areas, many don’t have access to these hospitals Due to modern medicine and hospital practices in the cities, Indonesia has the 113 th highest life expectancy in the world…. The state runs many of the hospitals in the cities, but with half of the population living in rural areas, many don’t have access to these hospitals Government spends the least amount of money on education in the world (based on population to GDP ratio) Government spends the least amount of money on education in the world (based on population to GDP ratio)

Q: What percentage of Indonesia’s people are living below the poverty line? A: 11%...

PAPUA NEW GUINEA!

PAPUA NEW GUINEAN POLITICS Official title: Independent State of Papua New Guinea Official title: Independent State of Papua New Guinea Government type: Constitutional parliamentary democracy, and a Commonwealth realm Government type: Constitutional parliamentary democracy, and a Commonwealth realm Capital: Port Moresby Capital: Port Moresby Legal system based on the English model, with a great mixture of tribal and local influences Legal system based on the English model, with a great mixture of tribal and local influences Suffrage is universal for all youth age 18 and older Suffrage is universal for all youth age 18 and older Tribal life is protected by their constitution, as well as the practice of cannibalism… Tribal life is protected by their constitution, as well as the practice of cannibalism… However, Murder is punishable by death… hmm However, Murder is punishable by death… hmm

PAPUA NEW GUINEA ECONOMY GDP of about $16.21 billion (2014 est.) GDP of about $16.21 billion (2014 est.) Currency: the Kina Currency: the Kina Exchange rate to US Dollar: to 1. Exchange rate to US Dollar: to 1. Major trade partners: Australia, Japan, China, Singapore, and US Major trade partners: Australia, Japan, China, Singapore, and US Wealth gap divide is pretty bad, but getting better. Wealth gap divide is pretty bad, but getting better. Super low unemployment (1.9%), coupled with moderate to moderate public debt, and low inflation and massive amounts of foreign investment. Super low unemployment (1.9%), coupled with moderate to moderate public debt, and low inflation and massive amounts of foreign investment. Major Industries: Mining, Oil and natural gas products, construction, tourism, palm oil processing, plantation farming, subsistence farming, fishing. Major Industries: Mining, Oil and natural gas products, construction, tourism, palm oil processing, plantation farming, subsistence farming, fishing. Papua New Guinea has a growing number of wealthy individuals, but they also have 37% of their people living well below the poverty line Papua New Guinea has a growing number of wealthy individuals, but they also have 37% of their people living well below the poverty line

PAPUA NEW GUINEAN GEOGRAPHY Papua New Guinea is located in Oceania, the country is a group of islands including the eastern half of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia. Papua New Guinea is located in Oceania, the country is a group of islands including the eastern half of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia. Geographic coordinates: 6 00 S, E Geographic coordinates: 6 00 S, E Natural Resources: Oil, Natural gas, coffee, cocoa, tea, sugar, rubber, fruit, vanilla, and pork. Natural Resources: Oil, Natural gas, coffee, cocoa, tea, sugar, rubber, fruit, vanilla, and pork. Climate: Tropical, monsoon weather half the year, with very little seasonal temperature changes Climate: Tropical, monsoon weather half the year, with very little seasonal temperature changes Terrain: Mostly mountainous terrain, with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills. Terrain: Mostly mountainous terrain, with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills. Natural hazards: Active volcanoes, situated along the ‘Ring of Fire’, earthquakes, mud slides, tsunamis, and CANNIBALS. Natural hazards: Active volcanoes, situated along the ‘Ring of Fire’, earthquakes, mud slides, tsunamis, and CANNIBALS. A little larger than California at sq. miles A little larger than California at sq. miles

PAPUA NEW GUINEAN SOCIAL Population: 6,552,730 (as of July 2014) Population: 6,552,730 (as of July 2014) Population density of 5.85 inhabitants per square mile Population density of 5.85 inhabitants per square mile Population Growth Rate: 2.24% Population Growth Rate: 2.24% Obesity Rate= 14.2% in 2014 (16. 8% in 2013) (18.6% in 2012) Obesity Rate= 14.2% in 2014 (16. 8% in 2013) (18.6% in 2012) Gender ratio: 1.05 males/female Gender ratio: 1.05 males/female Music Preferences: Traditional, pop, reggae, UK and Australian influence. Music Preferences: Traditional, pop, reggae, UK and Australian influence. Legal Drinking Age: 21 Legal Drinking Age: 21 Cell service is limited in many parts of the country, but there is access Cell service is limited in many parts of the country, but there is access Common hobbies include: Rugby, cricket, volleyball, softball, basketball, surfing, soccer, swimming, rock-climbing, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc. Common hobbies include: Rugby, cricket, volleyball, softball, basketball, surfing, soccer, swimming, rock-climbing, running, basketball, cycling, eating, reading, etc.

PAPUA NEW GUINEAN SCIENCE Education is NOT mandatory in Papua New Guinea Education is NOT mandatory in Papua New Guinea The average literacy rate is 62.3% The average literacy rate is 62.3% Papua New Guinea has 6 partially government-funded universities Papua New Guinea has 6 partially government-funded universities Papua New Guinea has the 120 th highest life expectancy in the world…. Private individuals and Red Cross run most of the hospitals in the cities, but with 60% of the population living in rural areas, many don’t have access to these hospitals. Papua New Guinea has the 120 th highest life expectancy in the world…. Private individuals and Red Cross run most of the hospitals in the cities, but with 60% of the population living in rural areas, many don’t have access to these hospitals. Government spends extremely little on education, with much of the education budget coming from charities and foreign sources. Government spends extremely little on education, with much of the education budget coming from charities and foreign sources.

Question: What do Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, and Australia all have in common with Britain? (Think P. factors) Now turn to a partner, answer the following question, and be prepared to answer Answer: They are all Commonwealth Realms

SOURCES USED el%2F&ei=nuAzVYPnO9fToASKroE4&usg=AFQjCNH1TRZUgyEHKHOcOBk4mm3kbSKaqQ el%2F&ei=nuAzVYPnO9fToASKroE4&usg=AFQjCNH1TRZUgyEHKHOcOBk4mm3kbSKaqQ el%2F&ei=nuAzVYPnO9fToASKroE4&usg=AFQjCNH1TRZUgyEHKHOcOBk4mm3kbSKaqQ el%2F&ei=nuAzVYPnO9fToASKroE4&usg=AFQjCNH1TRZUgyEHKHOcOBk4mm3kbSKaqQ