The Structure of Music Musical Forms. Identification Repetition and Contrast: major parts of form Divide music into its major sections ▫Music tends to.

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Presentation transcript:

The Structure of Music Musical Forms

Identification Repetition and Contrast: major parts of form Divide music into its major sections ▫Music tends to be in 4 bar phrases ▫Or multiples of 4: 8,12,16… Utilize letters to identify sections ▫A for the first section ▫New material = new letter (B, C, D…) ▫If there isn’t new material then A again ▫Or if A is changed it is A’

Simple Musical Forms Strophic Binary Ternary Arch

Strophic Form Letter Form: AAA Same music each verse (melody) Different words for each verse (strophe) Example: ▫“Amazing Grace” and other hymns

Binary Form Letter Form: AB or AABB Melody is introduced in first section (maybe 2x) Then new material for the second section Song ends after “B” section Example: ▫“Appalachian Spring” by Aaron Copland ▫Arrangement from the production Blast!

Ternary Form Letter Form: ABA or AABA Melody is introduced in first section New material in second section Return to original melody in third section Example ▫“Loss” from the production Blast!

Arch Form Letter Form: ABCBA or ABCDEFEDCBA Melodies are new for each section After middle section of the piece, move backwards through the sections (each section is still played forwards) Example: ▫“Land of Make Believe” by Chuck Mangione ▫Arrangement from the production Blast!

Complex Forms Theme and Variations Rondo Fugue Sonata

Theme and Variations Form Letter Form: AA’A”A’”… Basic Melody stays, but each repetition becomes more complex Example ▫“Bolero” by Maurice Ravel ▫Arrangement from the production Blast!

Rondo Form Letter Form: ABACADA… First melody (section) is repeated between each new section Main melody: Refrain New material between: Episodes Example ▫“Trumpet Concerto” by Franz Joseph Haydn ▫Tina Helseth: Trumpet & Norwegian Chamber Orchestra

Fugue Form Polyphonic song based on a melody Subject: Tonic Answer: Dominant Countersubject: accompany the subject with a different melody

Fugue Form Episodes: transitions between statements, may contain parts of subject. Pedal point: A single note held while voices work around it

Fugue Form (cont.) Example ▫(a surprise) by Vincenzo Culotta ▫“Theme from Bad Romance” by Lady Gaga

Sonata Form A single movement. Three sections: Exposition (themes stated): A bridge/transition B (new key) Development (themes changed): A’ and B’, fragmented, new keys, tension builds Recapitulation (themes return): A bridge/transition B (all tonic) ▫Sometimes a Coda is added to state the themes one more time.

Sonata Form (cont.) Example ▫“Symphony No. 5, First Movement” by Ludwig Von Beethoven ▫Arrangement from Disney’s Fantasia 2000

Jazz Music Form: The Blues Most common form, the foundation of Jazz music and early Rhythm & Blues Usually 12 bars long with a specific chord progression, but can be 8, 16 or 20 I,I,I,I IV,IV,I,I V,IV,I,I Example ▫“Everybody Loves the Blues” from Blast! ▫“Johnny B Goode” by Chuck Berry

Review Strophic Binary Ternary Arch Theme and Variations Rondo AAA… AB or AABB ABA or AABA ABCDCBA AA’A”A’”… ABACADA

Review (cont.) Fugue: 5 parts of a fugue? ▫Subject, Answer, Countersubject, Episodes, Pedal Point Sonata: 3 parts of a sonata ▫Exposition, Development, Recapitulation The Blues: How many bars? ▫At least 8 bars, 12 or 16 more common ▫What is the chord progression? ▫I,I,I,I IV,IV,I,I, V,IV,I,I