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Strikes The workers protest for a voice during the Industrial Revolution.

What is a strike? Protest by workers. Workers refuse to work until their requests/demands are met. Result could be to slow down, stop working, or walk off of the job.

Why Go On Strike? Poor working conditions.Poor working conditions. Workers want “8, 8, 8”Workers want “8, 8, 8” “8 hour day 10 hours pay” “8 hour day 10 hours pay” There was a need for higher wages.There was a need for higher wages. Workers were not allowed to organize.Workers were not allowed to organize.

Famous Strikes The Railroad Strike of 1877The Railroad Strike of 1877 Haymarket Riot of 1886Haymarket Riot of 1886 The Homestead Strike of 1892The Homestead Strike of 1892 The Pullman Strike of 1894The Pullman Strike of 1894

Green Bay Packer Fan Strike of 2008

Railroad Strike of 1877 U.S. still recovering from 1873 Depression. Railroad owners cut workers wages. Workers let loose with pent-up frustration across the country. Causes :

Railroad Strike of 1877 (cont.) Actions Taken:  President Rutherford B. Hayes calls in Federal Troops to take control and open up Railroads.  Railroads re-open with soldiers help after several months of destruction.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Over 100+ people killed across the country. The city of Chicago had been shut down. Anarchist unions get a “black eye” in terms of public reaction. Results:

Haymarket Riot – 1886 Workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. in Chicago protest for an 8 hour work day – Go on strike May 1 st. May 3 rd protest between strikers and temporary hires (Scabs) turns violent. The Chicago Police kill several Strikers trying to restore order. Causes:

Haymarket Riot of 1886 Organizers (Knights of Labor) call for a rally to keep the peace – May 3 rd.Organizers (Knights of Labor) call for a rally to keep the peace – May 3 rd. May 4 th 3,000 workers show up in the evening to hear protest speeches.May 4 th 3,000 workers show up in the evening to hear protest speeches. –The police showed up to control the crowd. –A bomb exploded in the ranks of the police killing seven. Actions Taken :

Haymarket Riot American Public is outraged.American Public is outraged. Union membership across the country drops drastically.Union membership across the country drops drastically. Several Union leaders are put on trial and hanged for inciting the crowd.Several Union leaders are put on trial and hanged for inciting the crowd. Results Results :

Dedicated plaque in Chicago for the Haymarket Riot

The Homestead Strike of 1892 Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, PA. Causes : Plant manager refused to renegotiate a new union contract.Plant manager (Henry Clay Frick) refused to renegotiate a new union contract. Frick cut wages and refused to deal with the union.Frick cut wages and refused to deal with the union. (Carnegie agrees and backs Frick) By late June 1892 workers call for a STRIKE!By late June 1892 workers call for a STRIKE!

Homestead Strike gets ugly! Frick tries to “lockout” the Strikers – hires “scabs”. Pinkertons are hired by Frick to protect “scabs”. Pinkertons – mill workers clash – July 6, Actions Taken :

Battle for the Homestead Mill – July 6, 1892

Homestead Strike gets ugly! Frick tries to “lockout” the Strikers. Pinkertons are hired by Frick to protect “scabs”. Pinkertons – mill workers clash – July 6, Pennsylvania Governor calls in State Militia to restore order. Actions Taken :

Homestead Strike fades away ……. Workers wages had dropped from an average of $2.25 to $1.89 per day average. It would be 45 years before a Union would receive another contract in a Carnegie Steel Mill. Results :

The Pullman Strike of 1894 George Pullman – Company Town. A recession in 1893 caused Pullman to lay-off workers and cut the wages. When the recession was over he re-hired workers, but at the reduced wage 25-40% less. When Pullman listened to the grievances of several workers they were fired. Workers go on strike!!! A.R.U. –Eugene Debs Causes :

What happens next……. Rail workers refused to touch or hook-up Pullman cars to others. Railroad owners get an injunction. All U.S. Mail cars must be attached to Pullman Cars. Actions Taken :

Pullman Strike - Workers return for lower wages. - Negative reaction by most people in the U.S. towards UNIONS!!!!!! Results:

So what do we know about The Strikes of the Industrial Revolution? Most strikes were very unsuccessful.Most strikes were very unsuccessful. The American public in general did not like or trust the “Anarchist Unions”.The American public in general did not like or trust the “Anarchist Unions”. Strikes were often violent and did not create a positive result for the workers.Strikes were often violent and did not create a positive result for the workers. The economy suffered when major strikes occurred.The economy suffered when major strikes occurred.

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