Totalitarianism Ch. 23

Totalitarianism Definition: Tools of Totalitarian government Form of government in which all societal resources are monopolized by the government. Total control over the population. Tools of Totalitarian government Propaganda Police terror Censorship Indoctrination

The State Fascist Model Power Here State casts aside all who do not serve its purpose State = eternal, lasting I Individual = temporary, expendable Individual exists to serve the State (a tool)

Conditions that helped to bring about Totalitarian regimes in Europe

The Treaty of Versailles Which countries were represented at the Versailles negotiations? Italy, France, United States, England Who was missing? Germany and Russia What were the terms of the Treaty? Germany takes on all responsibility for the War (War Guilt Clause) Germany must give up land Germany must reduce its army Germany must pay billions of dollars to the allies The map of Europe is drastically altered as a result of the War and the Treaty…

Pre World War I Map

Post World War I Map

How did changes in the Map of Europe affect Russia, Italy and Germany? Russia did not regain land lost to Germany Italy did not gain land even though they were part of the winning side Germany lost territory and felt vulnerable

Our Big Three The terms of the Treaty help set conditions that led to the rise of…

Stalin and the Soviet Union Lenin founded the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution in 1917 Stalin succeeded Lenin Referred to as the Grey Blur Postponed Lenin’s plans for a global communist revolution in order to secure the Soviet Union Several Five Year Plans to help the Soviet Union compete with the West Killed many of his top aides and advisors as well as any people who opposed his rule

Mussolini’s Italy Founded a fascist regime in the 1920s Pursued the idea of Mare Nostrum to create a new Italian Empire Army was ill-equipped for war Bound to Hitler Used Balcony speeches to rally the masses to his cause

Hitler’s Germany Arrested after failed Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch. Wrote Mein Kampf in jail Felt the Weimar officials had stabbed Germany in the Back Blamed Weimar Republic, communists, Jews and the French for Germany’s Problems Helps start National Socialist Party (Nazi ) and makes name for himself with charismatic speaking.

Hitler’s Germany cont. Hyperinflation of the 1920s helped set conditions for Hitler’s Nazis to take control. 1932- Nazis finish strongly in elections President Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor Hindenburg dies and Hitler takes over Birth of the Third Reich

Hitler’s Three Main Goals 1) Destroy his opponents in Germany. 2) Make Germany the strongest country in Europe by expanding its borders. 3) “Purify" Germany—and then Europe—of "racial enemies" and establish Aryans as the "master race."

Steps toward “purifying” Germany November 9-10, 1938-Kristellnacht “Night of broken glass” Jewish businesses throughout Germany and Austria destroyed. Thousands of Jews beaten, rounded up and sent to concentration camps. More and more restrictions placed on Jews: curfews, business restrictions , banned from parks, schools, etc. 1939-Yellow Star of David badge first required to be warn by Jewish males and females age six and older. Many sent to concentration camps (other “non-desirables” also targeted-- Gypsies, Catholics, Communists, physically and mentally disabled, homosexuals, etc.)

Some of the badges various groups were required to wear in Nazi concentration camps.

Hitler’s Germany Blitzkreig Luftwaffe Non Aggression Pact Military strategy developed by Adolf Hitler where simultaneous attacks occur by land and air Luftwaffe German air force Non Aggression Pact Russia and Germany sign in 1939 agreeing to not attack Hitler breaks pact in 1941 Schutzstaffel Hitler’s personal police force Known as the SS

One of the most famous of these Extermination Camps was Auschwitz, in Poland. The front wall of the camp still stands today.