Acids & Bases Their Properties Naming Guidelines

Properties of Acids  Taste sour  Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated  Turns Blue litmus paper Red  Red litmus paper stays Red Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

Properties of Bases  Taste Bitter  Feel Slippery  Turns Red litmus paper Blue  Blue litmus paper stays Blue  Reacts with Acid in same neutralization Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

Naming Acids Binary Acids:  Contain “H” and one other element To Name: Hydro + second element name + ic + Acid Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic Acid Hydrochloric Acid HF = Hydroflouric Acid

Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids:  Contain “H”, “O” and one more element To Name: 3 rd element name + ic + Acid Ex:HNO 3 = Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid Nitric Acid HClO 3 = Chloric Acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the Acid has one more Oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Per + 3 rd element + ic + Acid Ex: HNO 4 = Per + Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid Pernitric Acid H 2 SO 5 = Persulfuric Acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the Acid has one less Oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: 3 rd element + ous + Acid Ex: HNO 2 = Nitrogen – ogen + ous + Acid Nitrous Acid H 2 SO 3 = Sulfurous Acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the Acid has two less Oxygens than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Hypo +3 rd element + ous + Acid Ex:HClO = Hypo +chlorine –ine + ous + Acid Hypochlorous Acid HNO = Hyponitrous Acid

Naming Bases  Name the metal first  Add Hydroxide Ex:NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide KOH = Potassium Hydroxide

Practicing Naming Acids & Bases FormulaBinary or Ternary Name HClBHydrochloric Acid HIBHydroiodic Acid HNO 3 TNitric Acid H 2 SO 4 TSulfuric Acid H 3 PO 4 TPhosphoric Acid H 2 CO 3 TCarbonic Acid

Practice Naming Acids & Bases FormulaName NaOHSodium Hydroxide KOHPotassium Hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium Hydroxide Al(OH) 2 Aluminum Hydroxide NH 4 OHAmmonium Hydroxide

Naming Various Acid Forms AcidName H 2 SO 5 Persulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous Acid H 2 SO 2 Hyposulfurous Acid

Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.) AcidName H 2 CO 4 Percarbonic Acid H 2 CO 3 Carbonic Acid H 2 CO 2 Carbonous Acid H 2 COHypocarbonic Acid

Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.) AcidName HClO 4 Perchloric Acid HClO 3 Chloric Acid HClO 2 Chlorous Acid HClOHypochlorous Acid