Acid and Base Chemistry

Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule) þ Taste sour þ Corrode metals þ Electrolytes þ React with bases to form a salt and water þ pH is less than 7 þ Turns blue litmus paper to red “Blue to Red A-CID”

Some Properties of Bases  Produce OH - ions in water  Taste bitter, chalky  Are electrolytes  Feel soapy, slippery  React with acids to form salts and water  pH greater than 7  Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”

Acids and bases are all around us

Acid and Bases

Naming Acids and Bases --The name of a nonoxy acid ( Acid w/o Oxygen) --Start with hydro- --Change –ide ending to –ic Example: HBr = hydrobromic acid HCl hydrochloric acid HFhydrofluoric acid

Naming Acids and Bases --The name of an oxyacid Stem of the anion (carbonate) changed to -ic acid HNO 3 nitric acid H 3 PO 4 phosphoric acid H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid H 2 CO 3 carbonic acid

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Naming Bases Say the name of the cation and add hydroxide. NaOHsodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 magnesium hydroxide Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide Mn(OH) 2 manganese (II) hydroxide

Acid Base Reactions Acid + Base  Salt + Water NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H 2 O K OH + H Cl  H 2 O + KCl 2Al( OH ) H 2 SO 4  6H 2 O + Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Ca( OH ) H NO 3  2H 2 O + Ca(NO 3 ) 2 Ca( OH ) 2 + H 2 CO 3  2H 2 O + CaCO 3 H from acid and OH from base make HOH (H 2 O ) The elements left over make up the salt Na + Cl  NaCl

Chapter 20 Hw – Due 5/6/15 Read pages 577 – 579 – Do questions 3 – 5 on page 579 – Define Acid and Base Read pages 590 – 592 – Do question 16 & 18 on page 593 Read pages 613 – 616 – Define Neutralization, Antacid, Titration,