1.Underlying factors A. Nationalism B. Imperialism C. Militarism-aggressive preparation for war D. Alliance system 2. Spark A. Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand

B. wanted an independent Slavic state C. Gavrilo Princep of the Black Hand a. Serbian nationalist D. A-Hungary puts demands on Serbia E. Serbia refuses and A-H declares war F. Russia, under Czar Nicholas I, mobilizes the army, an act of war in 1914

G. Allies all jump in-what should be a local war turns into a global affair H. starts in 1914 I. is a total war, complete mobilization resources an people 3. New innovations A. machine gun B. tank C. poison gas D. submarine E. airplane

4. Major events of the war A. Western Front (France) 1. Trench warfare 2. Dug in-went no where B. Eastern Front (Russia) 1. Mobile

5. Sides a. Triple Alliance-Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary-turns into the Central powers of Germany, Bulgaria, Austria Hungary,Ottoman Empire b. Triple Entete-Great Britain, France, Russia. Turns into the Allied powers of Great Britain, France, USA

Allied and neutral ships lost during the war To submarines ,4391,035 To surface craft To mines To aircraft Unrestricted Submarine war (Germany) 1. Sank all merchant ships bound for allied countries 2. Convoy system

3. Sink the Sussex-passenger liner a. sussex pledge 7. major battles early in the war 1. Schlieffen plan a. 2 front war against France and Russia 2. Marne 1914 a. France stops German advance to Paris b. proves it will be a long war

US enters the war a. sinking of the Lusitania, unrestricted sub warfare b. Zimmerman Note c. conscription

9. Russian Revolution A. Czar Nicholas and his wife Alexandra under the influence of Grigory Rasputin B. March Revolution led by women, tired of being hungry, demanded bread C. war was very unpopular with the people D. soviets, groups that comprised of workers and soldiers, challenged authority E. Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin start a revolution

F. Seize power and sign the treaty of Brest Lotivsk with Germany to get out of the WWI G. Civil war breaks out between the reds and the whites 1. Nicholas and his family murdered 2. Cheka, red secret police begin to destroy all who oppose the new regime

10. End of the war A. us enters after others have been fighting for 3 years B. Armistice signed on Nov. 11, 1918

11. Peace A. Most want to punish Germany B. France guided by national security C. Wilson (US pres) 14 points 1. Freedom of the seas 2. End secret alliances 3. Right to self rule 4. Stop modern war th point-league of nations main point

D. Treaty of Versailles 1. Reduce Germany’s army 2. Reduce territory 3. Pay war debts 4. Create league of nations E. left Germany humiliated and resentful, felt it was a harsh peace D. Article 231, declared Germany and Austria Hungary were responsible for the war

7. Create the countries of Finland Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia 12. Cost A. 30 million soldiers die B. 21 million injured C. 13 million civilians die 240,000 British Amputees