 An acute, severe viral infection  First appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks  in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo  in a remote area of Sudan  An acute, severe viral infection  First appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks  in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo  in a remote area of Sudan

 5 known species of the virus  Ivory Coast  Sudan  Zaire  Reston  Bundibugyo  Case fatality rates : 60-90%  5 known species of the virus  Ivory Coast  Sudan  Zaire  Reston  Bundibugyo  Case fatality rates : 60-90%

1. Virus reservoir : Fruit bats 3. Primary human infection2. Epizootic in primates4. Secondary transmission Fruit bats are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus.

Animal-to-Human transmission  Direct contact with blood, secretions or organs of infected wildlife  During handling or butchering of dead mammals Animal-to-Human transmission  Direct contact with blood, secretions or organs of infected wildlife  During handling or butchering of dead mammals

Human-to-Human transmission  Direct contact with infective blood or bodily secretions such as nasal discharge, saliva, urine, feces, semen or organs  Direct contact with the deceased person Human-to-Human transmission  Direct contact with infective blood or bodily secretions such as nasal discharge, saliva, urine, feces, semen or organs  Direct contact with the deceased person

 The incubation period, or the time interval from infection to onset of symptoms, is from 2 to 21 days.  No report of disease transmission through air-borne route  EVD surveillance in Thailand, showed that no confirmed EVD cases had been reported.  The incubation period, or the time interval from infection to onset of symptoms, is from 2 to 21 days.  No report of disease transmission through air-borne route  EVD surveillance in Thailand, showed that no confirmed EVD cases had been reported.

 Skin rash  Impairment of kidney and liver functions  In some cases internal and external organ hemorrhage  Skin rash  Impairment of kidney and liver functions  In some cases internal and external organ hemorrhage  Acute fever  Weakness  Muscle pain  Headache  Sore throat  Vomiting  Diarrhea  Acute fever  Weakness  Muscle pain  Headache  Sore throat  Vomiting  Diarrhea

 Vaccines for prevention and drugs for specific treatment of EVD are not yet available. All of them are being developed or under researches.  Severe patients need closely- monitored supportive treatment.  Vaccines for prevention and drugs for specific treatment of EVD are not yet available. All of them are being developed or under researches.  Severe patients need closely- monitored supportive treatment.

Found cases in West Africa  Guinea  Liberia  Sierra Leone  Nigeria  Senegal

Country Case definitionTotal Total (deaths) Case fatality rate (%) GuineaConfirmed Probable Suspected4225 All LiberiaConfirmed Probable Suspected All Sierra LeoneConfirmed Probable Suspected All All

Country Case definitionTotalTotal deaths Case fatality rate (%) NigeriaConfirmed Probable11100 Suspected400 All SenegalConfirmed100 Probable000 Suspected000 All

 WHO on 8 August 2014 declared the Ebola outbreak in West Africa a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)”  WHO supports investigation, treatment, personal protective equipment and quality of life.  Developing medicine and vaccine

1. Surveillance systems among humans and animal 2. Treatment and infection control at hospitals 3. Laboratory testing 4. Management

Do follow up regularly to get updated information from the Ministry of Public Health and learn about the current situation and have correct understanding. Do follow up regularly to get updated information from the Ministry of Public Health and learn about the current situation and have correct understanding.

DO :  Cancel or postpone all journeys to affected countries. (Currently there are 3 countries and 1 city e.g. Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Lagos city of Nigeria. More affected countries or areas may be added later by announcement of the Ministry of Public Health.)  Follow up for updated, official information from the Ministry of Public Health. DO :  Cancel or postpone all journeys to affected countries. (Currently there are 3 countries and 1 city e.g. Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Lagos city of Nigeria. More affected countries or areas may be added later by announcement of the Ministry of Public Health.)  Follow up for updated, official information from the Ministry of Public Health.

 If a journey to affected countries or areas is inevitable, travelers must:  Wash hands regularly with water and soap until they are clean.  Avoid close contact with patients or touching them as well as their clothes and personal items.  Seek prompt medical attention and reveal travel history to the attending physician if symptoms such as high fever, weakness, headache, muscle pain, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash occur.  If a journey to affected countries or areas is inevitable, travelers must:  Wash hands regularly with water and soap until they are clean.  Avoid close contact with patients or touching them as well as their clothes and personal items.  Seek prompt medical attention and reveal travel history to the attending physician if symptoms such as high fever, weakness, headache, muscle pain, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash occur.

DON’T : (for travelers visiting affected countries)  Do not eat any wildlife meat.  Do not touch any wildlife, especially monkeys or bats.  Do not pick or rub your nose or eyes with unwashed hands.  Do not have sexual intercourse with strangers.  Do not treat yourself when you have fever. DON’T : (for travelers visiting affected countries)  Do not eat any wildlife meat.  Do not touch any wildlife, especially monkeys or bats.  Do not pick or rub your nose or eyes with unwashed hands.  Do not have sexual intercourse with strangers.  Do not treat yourself when you have fever.