Intro logo Tom Hicks Vice President LEED ®

Perception

Reality

What is Green Building? Operating and maintenance practices and building performance that meet specified standards reducing the negative impact of buildings on their occupants and on the environment

Membership growth graph

What is LEED? Definition LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN A leading-edge system for certifying BUILDING PERFORMANCE and OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE of the greenest buildings in the world Scores are tallied for different aspects of building performance in appropriate categories. For instance, LEED-EB assesses performance of: 1. Sustainable Sites 2. Water Efficiency 3. Energy Performance 4. Material & Resource Use 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Innovation in Upgrades and O&M

Levels of LEED Ratings

Categories of LEED: Current

Categories of LEED: Future

California Study Savings

What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? Green Sells Energy Efficiency Better than Energy Efficiency Sells

What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? Largest Contributor to Sustainability… Largest Global Contributor of CO2… “US buildings alone are responsible for more CO2 emissions than those of any other country in the world except China” Kinsey et al., 2002 ACEEE Proceedings, Section 9.21.

What is LEED? Definition Investment Grade Piece Why Study EE in Green? Higher EPS - Reduced Operating Costs=Increases NOI Reduced Cost of Capital - Increase cash flow=Improved liquidity=Improved debt rating Increased Building Value - 30% saved = 5% increase in building appraised value Growing acknowledgement by Shareholders (SRI, institutional investors) and Financial Analysts

What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? Early Perceptions = Reality - examples become a market transformation tool

What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? How Energy Efficient is Green? We don’t really know… Performance claims made against code Whole building targets are rare Huge potential for performance gap Poor case study documentation

What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Source: NBI, California Board for Energy Efficiency, EPA California Office Buildings Buildings 20% better than code can have an energy performance score ranging from Not sending right market signal. Weak Correlation: Code vs. Simulated EUI Performance against code is weakly correlated to EUI

What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Whole building target rare –Simulation of building models using ECBM doesn’t necessarily include all uses LEED NC v.2.2 will require consumption target –As a submittal requirement, not a credit award Hugh Potential for Performance Gap –Value engineering –Field construction –Lack of coordination –Commissioning and O&M –Overly optimistic projections

What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Building Name Size ft2 Site EUI Actual Kbtu/ft2/-yr Site EUI Predicted Kbtu/ft2-yr ENERGY STAR Rating (est.) Wampanoag Headquarters8, Ridgehaven Green Office Building78, EPA RTP Campus Office Wing73, Chicago Center for Green Technology40, Thoreau Center for Sustainability73, Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities12, U.S. Navy Building 85017, CBF Merrill Environmental Center32,00065* PA DEP – Cambria Office Building36, (37)*-84 Four Times Square1,600, *recent NREL High-Performance Buildings Group case studies

What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Building Name Size ft2 Site EUI Actual Kbtu/ft2/-yr Site EUI Predicted Kbtu/ft2/-yr ENERGY STAR Rating (est.) Herman Miller MarketPlace95, NWF Headquarters85, Norm Thompson Headquarters54, PNC Firstside Center647, Pacific Development/Port of Portland Building350, Brewery Block 4241, Nature Conservancy Headquarters172, KSBA Architects Office9, Pierce County Environmental Services50, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation48,

What is LEED? Definition EPA/USGBC Study Follow buildings from LEED-NC (2.0 or 2.1) to LEED-EB Correlation between design intent and actual operations Compare performance with building market Examine relationship between connected load and actual energy performance Determine need for future research

What is LEED? Definition Overview of Study Design Types of buildings Commercial and institutional –Offices, Courthouses, Financial Centers, Bank Branches, K- 12 schools, Hospitals, Hotels, and Residence Halls Data requirements Design consumption Actual consumption As-designed/as-built connected load (kW) Recruitment Strategy - success to date ~10 LEED-NC have expressed interest/registered 20+ are needed

What is LEED? Definition Design vs. Performance Building Size ft 2 Designed Site EUI (kBtu/ft 2 -yr) Actual Site EUI (kBtu/ft 2 -yr) % Change ENERGY STAR Rating Cascadia 118, %82 Cascadia 2412, %81 Cascadia 370, %69 Cascadia 5470, LBNL 218, %95 LBNL 38, %2 LBNL 452, LBNL 572, LBNL 617, %64 Averages69701%70 PRELIMINARY

What is LEED? Definition Persistence of Performance Building Actual Site EUI (kBtu/ft 2 -yr) ENERGY STAR Rating Cascadia 1 Year Year Cascadia 3 Year Year Cascadia 5 Year Year Year Year Year Only three records, but… Performance appears to persist year to year

What is LEED? Definition Next Steps Performance Data –Get more building records –More year to year (i.e. persistence) –Connected Load data Final Report to EPA –June 2006 Update Findings –ACEEE Summer Study –ICEEB 2006 –Greenbuild 2006? Forward Recommendations –USGBC Research Committee –LEED Core Committees and USGBC Staff Collaborate on Research Agenda to Close Performance Gap –ASHRAE, EPA, USGBC, and others

What is LEED? Definition Acknowledgements Glen Gilbert, President & CEO Cascadia Region Green Building Council Cathy Turner Sustainability Measurement Consultant Rick Diamond Staff Scientist Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mike Opitz, PE LEED-EB Certification Manager U.S. Green Building Council

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