Monroe Doctrine In 1816 James Monroe of Virginia is elected as president. Soon after his inauguration in 1817, Monroe took a goodwill tour of New England. It was impressive to most people that a Republican from Virginia was being welcomed in the north. The Boston Columbian Centinel declared that America had entered an “Era of Good Feelings.” *In 1815 Spain and Portugal defeated Napoleon. The two sides decided that they wanted to reclaim their former colonies in Latin America. Meanwhile, the Russians were establishing trading posts in California. * The Unites States realized that they had to do something with other countries expanding their influence throughout the world. * Many Americans has wanted to acquire northern Mexico and the Spanish colony of Cuba. The Russian action did pose a threat to American trade with China, which brought huge profits.

Monroe Doctrine * In 1823, President Monroe made a message to Congress and warned all outside powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. They should not try to create new colonies or try to overthrow newly independent republics in the hemisphere. The Unites States would consider these actions “dangerous to our peace and safety.” *At this time the U.S. also stated that they would not get involved in European affairs or interfere with existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere. *These principals become known as the Monroe Doctrine.

John Quincy Adams Under James Monroe the Secretary of State was John Quincy Adams. Adams established a foreign policy that was guided by nationalism- the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of the regional concerns or the interest of other countries. *Adams prioritized the security of the nation and expansion of the territory. Adams also worked out a treat with Great Britain to reduce the number fleets both sides could have the Great Lakes. Each side was left with only a few military vessels. The Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) eventually caused the United States and Canada to completely demilitarize their common border.

John Quincy Adams * Adams also arranged the Convention of 1818, which fixed the U.S. border at the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains. Finally, he reached a compromise with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory, for ten years. *In 1819, too weak to police its territories in the United States, Spain ceded Florida to the United States in the Adam-Onis Treaty and gave up claims to its Oregon Territory.

Missouri Compromise When a territory’s population reached about 60,000, the people of that territory could petition the Union for admission, draft a state constitution, elect representatives, and become part of the United States, once Congress approved. *In 1819, when Missouri petitioned for statehood, conflict arose. In 1820, Henry Clay of Kentucky “Father of Compromise” comes up with the Missouri Compromise

Missouri Compromise *Terms: a. Missouri is admitted as a new slave state. b. Maine is admitted as a free state. c. “36-30”- the rest of the Louisiana purchase doesn’t have this debate. Essentially the Louisiana territory is divided and any territory north of the line and anything south of the line is allowed to have slavery. *Why does the South agree to this line? The south believes that slavery won’t expand beyond that line because the crops that slaves are sued for won’t been grown up north. (cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugar). They believed the climates were wrong. *They also used the word territory because they believed the federal government could not tell a state what they could or could not do and slavery was purely a state matter.

Missouri Compromise *Why was the compromise important? a. 1st North vs. South dispute that will most likely cause war (spreading of slavery into new areas.) b. 1 of the things historians point to explain southern sectionalism. Where one part of the country is different from the rest of the countries.