SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development Final Meeting and Project Review June 24 th 2003, Gdansk ARPALMunicipality of Genoa THE GENOA CASE HISTORY

City centre: inhabitants 28 km 2 Area Urban Territory: inhabitants 239 km 2 Area Genoa lies in an extremely narrow, 30 km long coastal plain - highly dense urban territory

– TGenoa transport system - main characteristics Public Transport 154 million passengers in million Km covered 785 Km bus network 123 lines stops Modal share (6:30 a.m. - 9:30 a.m): Motocycles 15,1 % Cars 38,4 % Public Transport – railway 4,1 % Public Transport – road 42,4 % Private Transport 1402 km of streets network car motorcycle Taxi 869 Bus 916 LDV Highways (2002) : vehicles in/out at the local (7) gates

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL VISUM: BASELINE SCENARIO SUTRA DOMAIN Private network  278 nodes;  668 links;  72 O/D zones. (+ 9 external centroids) Municipal Network Provincial Network  Public network  52 PT lines;  390 stops;  72 O/D zones.

The Genoa case history Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL “24-hour” Private O/D matrix : derived from two peak-hours matrices (6:30 - 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 - 8:00 p.m.) and adapted on the base of reliable traffic flow daily profile: 24-hr Pr O/D matrix = 3,30 * AM-peak-hour * PM-peak-hour “24-hour” Public O/D matrix : data not so precise as in previous case, (as suggested by Public Transport Agency), the two peak-hours matrices (6:30-9:00 a.m.; 5:00-8:00 p.m.) added and result multiplied by a factor 4: 24-hr Public O/D matrix = (AM-peak-hour + PM-peak-hour)*4 Few remarks about the 24-hours simulation hours simulations

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]  VISUM: Assignment and calibration hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment The Genoa case history Baseline Indicators – 24-hours assignment ARPAL

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations  TREM simulations Italian fleet composition (MEET) – yr 2000 Data available on Genoa, yr 2000 Genoa case Gasoline Pc55.45% Diesel Pc5.20% GPL and Natural gas Pc1.02% Gasoline LDV0.93% Diesel LDV2.53% HDV0.27% Bus0.27% Coaches0.27% Motorcycles34.05% New Technologies0.00% Gasoline Passenger Cars (...) (...) New Technologies N/D (ECE 15-04) cc< <cc<2.01 cc> (EURO4) cc< <cc<2.01 cc>2.01 Electric Vehicles Passengers LDV Passengers LDV Fuel Cell Vehicles Passengers LDV Urban Bus cc< <cc<2.01 cc>2.01 cc< <cc<2.01 cc>2.01 Passengers LDV Passengers LDV Passengers LDV Urban Bus (ECE /01) (EURO4) Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Fuel Cell Vehicles Thanks to additional data provided by UAV and from Genoa case specific data, it was possible to UPDATE vehicular fleet for the baseline scenario

Genoa – Baseline scenario (CO emissions)

The Genoa case history Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL “Validation” of the TREM results:  spatially disaggregated traffic emission through a comparison with “CORINAIR” emission coefficient:  spatially aggregated (top-down approach) traffic emission Use of averaged emission coefficients developed by ANPA (Italian national Environmental Protection Agency) for typical Italian urban driving cycles. Comparison at “elementary data”: Selected vehicle class (e.g., pre-ECE, <1.4 l) Selected emission (e.g., “hot”, “cold”) TREM: result analysis hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations TREM: result analysis SUTRA provided spatial disaggregation and increased accuracy compared with previously developed emission factor data sets

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations ISC: result analysis Position of measuring stations compared to concentration maps from city level models CO (traffic related, chemically inert) Validation of dispersion model results with available measurements

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations ISC: result analysis

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Analysis of behaviours of Lisbon and Genoa facing Common Scenarios Implementation on two strongly different urban shape and texture of the same future scanarios: Genoa Lisbon

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Transportation system response to CSs: 2) Ratio between Lisbon and Genoa The “linear” town reacts in a more rigid way to exogenous pushes than the distributed town, this reflects in time spent to cover a km of network 1) Variation in time spent to cover a kilometer -In conditions of traffic congestion -In traffic Jams - Total

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Traffic emissions forecasted in CSs: COGenoaLisbon PmGenoaLisbon CO2GenoaLisbonSO2GenoaLisbon NOxGenoaLisbonVOCGenoaLisbon Emission indicators have similar behaviour to transportation indicators, with specific patterns according to single pollutants

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Dispersion modeling in the two cities: City scale dispersion models: Concentration map for CO on the whole urban area of Genoa

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Dispersion modeling in the two cities: Urban Canyon models Dispersion 3-D map on the Lisbon Hot Spot

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Concentration of pollutants in CSs: Already compromised areas (Hot Spot) suffer dramatically strong variations in emission levels in their peak values Average concentrations are not directly comparable to measured data and usually underestimated COGenoaLisbonNOxGenoaLisbon Pm10GenoaLisbon

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations ISC: result analysis

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history Concentration of pollutants in CSs: Geometry of the AQ stations network is projected to measure hot spot data, therefore city level averages are generally underestimated -Next refining will be analysis of values in a smaller monitored area

Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL The Genoa case history hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations 5. VADIS simulations 6. Scenario analysis 7. Conclusions & Outlook  Conclusion and Outlook: SUTRA has offered a unique opportunity to: develop, calibrate and validate an “integrated transport & impact assessment modelling suite”; compare the obtained results with previous experiences; investigate future and city specific scenarios. A particolar attention has been done to “put and keep the results in context”, being both Genoa partner (Municipal Transport Office and Regional Environmental Agency) local operative Authorities Among the main trade-offs of the SUTRA project: implementation of an operative transport model (that became the local standard); synergy bewteen transport and environmental Authorities, as well as other UE partners; disaggregation and detailed studies of local “hot-spot” for the main transport related pollutants (  recent EU “air quality” directives)