National Climate Change Response Green Paper: mitigation BUSA submission to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee March 2011

What White Paper should contain Clear process to develop national mitigation plan including measurement and verificationClear process to develop national mitigation plan including measurement and verification Clear process to develop adaptation planClear process to develop adaptation plan Clear allocation of responsibilities to departmentsClear allocation of responsibilities to departments Identification of resources required and where they will come fromIdentification of resources required and where they will come from Clear understanding of constraints and impactsClear understanding of constraints and impacts Mechanisms to implement conditionality of commitmentMechanisms to implement conditionality of commitment

Development of mitigation plan Unpacking the Copenhagen commitmentUnpacking the Copenhagen commitment Understanding the national emissions profileUnderstanding the national emissions profile Identification of mitigation actionsIdentification of mitigation actions Recognition of the nature of the LTMSRecognition of the nature of the LTMS

Copenhagen Commitment Deviation from “business as usual trajectory”Deviation from “business as usual trajectory” Conditional on financing, technology and capacity buildingConditional on financing, technology and capacity building Based on the LTMS adjusted for IRP1Based on the LTMS adjusted for IRP1

Commitment as starting point Determine “business as usual trajectory”Determine “business as usual trajectory” Understand how deviation is made upUnderstand how deviation is made up Understand national emissions profileUnderstand national emissions profile Mitigation must be developed in response to national emissions profileMitigation must be developed in response to national emissions profile Identify constraints, costs and impacts of actionsIdentify constraints, costs and impacts of actions Develop approaches to overcome constraints and minimise negative impactsDevelop approaches to overcome constraints and minimise negative impacts

Sectoral contribution to deviation (ERC)

Mitigation effort to be allocated elsewhere (ERC)

Understand emissions profile: national inventory Energy Energy – –Electricity – –Liquid fuel – –Consumption Industrial processes and product useIndustrial processes and product use – –Minerals – –Metals – –Chemicals Transport Agriculture Waste

Status of some mitigation actions Energy Energy – –Electricity: Integrated Resource Plan – –Liquid fuel: Integrated Energy Plan – –Consumption: National Energy Efficiency Strategy; Co-generation rules, Solar water heater program – –Transport: Passenger and freight strategies Industrial processes and product useIndustrial processes and product use – –Inventory being updated – –Real potential being identified – –Some mitigation already in place

Mitigation actions: challenges Approaches to industry emissionsApproaches to industry emissions – –High cost of technology exists to capture from process and dispose of as waste eg. Nitrous oxide – –Carbon containing raw material releases CO 2 in process. No viable technology exists currently to capture – –Use of waste gas or heat to generate electricity thus reducing demand on fossil fuel electricity

Way forward Work together to develop a set of nationally appropriate mitigation actions with:Work together to develop a set of nationally appropriate mitigation actions with: –Funding requirements –Technology requirements –Capacity building requirements Clear understanding of emissionsClear understanding of emissions –BUSA working with DEA to improve understanding on current categories –BUSA developing a more comprehensive understanding of industrial process sector –Working with DOE on contribution from Energy efficiency and non Eskom generation

Way forward (2) Develop “business as usual trajectory” bandsDevelop “business as usual trajectory” bands Allocate emission reduction goals to each emitting sectorAllocate emission reduction goals to each emitting sector Review on basis of technical constraints and negative impactsReview on basis of technical constraints and negative impacts Develop mechanism to implement conditionalityDevelop mechanism to implement conditionality Incorporate process to do this in White PaperIncorporate process to do this in White Paper Process must be undertaken in consultation with emittersProcess must be undertaken in consultation with emitters