Focus Questions for Chapter 5 How did Americans adapt European educational ideas and institutions to life in the new world? How did social and political change affect public schooling in the United States? How did the American educational ladder develop and does it still work effectively today? How did the United States become a culturally diverse society and what are the implications of cultural pluralism on contemporary schools? What are the trends in the history of American education? ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringer Why is it important that someone studying to be a teacher learns about the history of education?

Colonial Period 1600’s to 1700’s ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

New England Colonies Puritan schools were grounded in religious purposes. Puritans believed that educated persons who knew God’s commandments could resist the devil’s temptations. Puritans believed in child depravity. Children were thought to be inclined towards evil. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

New England Colonies The Old Deluder Satan Law was established in 1647. It required every town of fifty or more families to appoint a reading and writing teacher. Towns of one hundred or more families were to employ a Latin teacher to prepare young men for Harvard. Curriculum materials included the Bible, hornbook, and New England Primer. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Middle Atlantic Colonies The Middle Atlantic colonies took a different approach to education and schools than the New England colonies. The Dutch, Swedes and Germans settled in the Middle Atlantic colonies. Private religious institutions, such as Dutch parochial and Quaker schools, were established. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Middle Atlantic Colonies ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Southern Colonies The Southern colonies also took a different approach to educating children during the colonial era. Except in select cities, the southern population was dispersed. Centrally located schools were difficult to establish. Economically advantaged children of wealthy white plantation owners studied with private tutors. Slavery was practiced. Enslaved Africans, seized by force and transported in slave ships to North America against their will, were denied an education. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Southern Colonies ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringer 8/18/2015 What rights do students have under the first amendments in schools? ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Early National Period The American Revolution took place in 1776 and ended British rule in the thirteen colonies. The leaders of the new republic wanted to create schools that emphasized American identity. Under the articles of Confederation, federal legislation was enacted. A section of every thirty-six square mile township was reserved for education. (Every 36 miles needs to have a school.) ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Early National Period The U.S. Constitution was ratified and the Tenth Amendment was introduced. The Tenth Amendment left responsibility for education to the states. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Rush, and Noah Webster developed proposals for schools. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reading You are going to be assigned a pioneer in American education to read about. You will read in your textbook about the person and write a one paragraph informative essay about the individual and their belief on education.

Reading cont. What was their belief about the way education should be in the new United States? Do you agree with their concept? Why or why not? What would their school look like? Would there be a lot of schools? Who would attend? What other contributions did they have to the new nation? ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Read about… If you have a heart card read about Ben Franklin page 142 If you have a diamond read about Thomas Jefferson page 143 If you have a club read about Benjamin Rush page 144 If you have a spade read about Noah Webster page 145 ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reading cont. What was their belief about the way education should be in the new United States? Do you agree with their concept? Why or why not? What would their school look like? Would there be a lot of schools? Who would attend? What other contributions did they have to education today? ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringer August 19, 2015 How did the United States become a culturally diverse society and what are the implications of cultural pluralism (multiple cultures) on contemporary schools? ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Ben Franklin Developed “academy” – Private secondary school Replaced Latin and Greek with English studies Focus put on future careers of the student Secondary language, trades: carpentry, ship making, bookkeeping

Thomas Jefferson “Promote a republican society of literate and well-informed citizens”. Separations of church and state Funded with public taxes Scholarship for merit to grammar school and college ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Benjamin Rush No separation of church and state Private funding from churches for schools Believed women should be allowed to continue on to college ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Noah Webster Pushed for an American style of English American textbooks and dictionary ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

“Common” School Movement 1800’s - Created publicly controlled and funded elementary education. These schools were to be common to children of all social and economic classes. African children largely were excluded from common schools until after the Civil War. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Common School Movement and One Room Schools Massachusetts required every town to elect a school committee that was responsible for the school in its jurisdiction. Local districts developed one room schools. The common school offered a basic curriculum of reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

A One Room School ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

African Americans In 1865, Congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau to provide economic and educational assistance to African Americans in the South during Reconstruction. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) established the Tuskegee Institute. The curriculum at Tuskegee emphasized academic, agricultural, and occupational skills. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Students at the Tuskegee Institution in Alabama ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Plessy vs. Ferguson 1892 – “Separate” facilities for African Americans and Caucasians were constitutional as long as they were “equal”. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringers 08/20/2015 Are new laws needed to protect the rights of students? If yes, what do you think needs to be put in place? If no, do you think there are laws that can be retired? What makes you think students’ rights are protected?

Brown vs. the Board of Education http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/iml04.soc.ush.civil.brown1/the-road-to-brown/ 1954 - Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation violates the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringer 08/21/2015 What do you think has changed the most in education since the beginning of our country? What has stayed the same? ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Court Cases Each of you will get one court case. Read over the case and take notes. (10 minutes) We will discuss each of the cases after. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringer 08/24/2015 Should the courts have a say in what can and cannot happen in schools? Explain your answer. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Court Cases Let’s review what you read. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bell Ringer 08/25/2015 If a student has special needs what is in place to assist them in their education? ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Gave rights to people with disabilities. It applied to any organization receiving federal funds such as hospitals, school districts, and state public welfare offices, and colleges and universities.

Section 504 Section 504 -This section prohibits discrimination against qualified handicapped individuals in any federally supported program or activity. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Section 504 504 are NOT to change, lessen, or lower the expectations, instruction, or assessment. For people who suffer from: Diabetes - Dyslexia Epilepsy - Vison Problems Dwarfism Food Allergies ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Title IX ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Title IX Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Revisiting the Focus Questions for Chapter 5 How did Americans adapt European educational ideas and institutions to life in the new world? How did social and political change affect public schooling in the United States? How did the American educational ladder develop and does it still work effectively today? How did the United States become a culturally diverse society and what are the implications of cultural pluralism on contemporary schools? What are the trends in the history of American education? ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.