Welcome to ES150: Structural Geology January 4, 2005.

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Presentation transcript:

Welcome to ES150: Structural Geology January 4, 2005

First Day Stuff Course Objectives Go over Syllabus Lab Schedule Course Calendar Waiver What is Structure About? Any questions about tsunamis? And on to… Quick overview of the state of California

What is Structural Geology? Study of Forces and Stress that affect and modify the solid earth Rock deformation resulting from that stress (= strain) –Plate scale tectonics (geologic history) –Regional scale activity (terranes) –Outcrop scale –Microscale (minerals and fine rock fabrics)

What Structure Does Stresses are due to tectonic plate motions Structures in Rocks preserve information about past stresses Structural geologists correlate back across time and different scales to reconstruct paleo-tectonics

Economic Reasons to do this Metallic Ore Deposits often reside in ancient continents collision zones and in fault breccias Hydrocarbon resources travel along faults and collect in the tops of folds Faults create hazards Rock failure studies are important to infrastructure Geothermal heat in extensional faults can be used to produce energy (with help from Ty).

Academic Reasons to Do this Understand Earth History - How have the continents moved in the past? Understand Earth Processes - How do mountain ranges form? Exciting field work opportunities!

Microscale 2mm Measured Rotation

Outcrop Scale Measured Local Pressure

Regional Scale Local Stresses Over Large Area

Plate - Scale Alleghanian Orogeny builds Appalachians When North America hits Gondwanaland

Giant Quake and Tsunami 12/26/04 sunami/com/ indonesia/rupture.htm

Quake Location - First Rupture

Moment (=energy) distribution

On To California … A quick overview of what structural studies have revealed…

MODOC PLATEAU KLAMATH MTS SIERRA NEVADA MICROPLATE MOHAVE DESERT GREAT VALLEY COAST RANGES BASIN & RANGE TRANSVERSE RANGES TECTONIC REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA

SAN ANDREAS FAULT GARLOCK FAULT ACTIVE FAULTING IN CALIFORNIA SIERRA FRONT / BASIN & RANGE JUAN DE FUCA TRENCH

Pre-CAMBRIAN (4.5Ba-570Ma) ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA

Pre-Cambrian California Warm, tropical, carbonate reef Like this photo only no people and no coral yet

PALEOZOIC ( Ma) ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA

Paleozoic California Micro-continent 50-car pile-up Imagine terranes accreting west-to-east in CA

MESOZOIC ( Ma) IGNEOUS ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA MESOZOIC ( Ma) DEEP MARINE SEDIMENT MESOZOIC (235-65Ma) SHALLOW MARINE

MESOZOIC CALIFORNIA Pre-Sierras Central Valley Coast Ranges

CENOZOIC (65Ma- NOW) IGNEOUS ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA CENOZOIC SEDIMENT

CENOZOIC SED. CENOZOIC IG. MESOZOIC SED. MESOZOIC IG. PALEOZOIC Pre-CAMBRIAN

SAN ANDREAS FAULT GARLOCK FAULT SIERRA FRONT / BASIN & RANGE JUAN DE FUCA TRENCH

80 Million Yrs to Today