Background Industrial Revolution

Background Info Time period – late 1770s (1775  ) Time period – late 1770s (1775  ) Location: G. Britain Location: G. Britain Starts as “Agricultural Revolution” Starts as “Agricultural Revolution” New methods of: New methods of: Farming  seed germination Farming  seed germination Animals Husbandry (MSU!! ) Animals Husbandry (MSU!! ) New Tools: Seed drill New Tools: Seed drill “Enclosures” “Enclosures” Result: More food Result: More food Soon results spread throughout Europe Soon results spread throughout Europe More food – Healthier moms – Healthier offspring – Population Boom More food – Healthier moms – Healthier offspring – Population Boom

Meanwhile… U.S. – E. Whitney “Cotton Gin” 1793 U.S. – E. Whitney “Cotton Gin” 1793 Result: Cotton takes over South (“King Cotton”) Result: Cotton takes over South (“King Cotton”) Cotton spun into cloth (textile) Cotton spun into cloth (textile) Textile production and population boom = Textile and garment industry take off  “Ind. Revolution” Textile production and population boom = Textile and garment industry take off  “Ind. Revolution”

Why Great Britain? Has necessary elements to “host” I.R. Has necessary elements to “host” I.R. Lrg. Population looking for work Lrg. Population looking for work System of rivers & canals  to move: System of rivers & canals  to move: Raw materials in Raw materials in Finished goods out Finished goods out Natural Resources Natural Resources Coal Coal Iron Iron

Why Great Britain? Investors  banks + wealthy looking to invest Investors  banks + wealthy looking to invest “Island”  Natural harbors and ports to move/trade finished goods and materials “Island”  Natural harbors and ports to move/trade finished goods and materials Developing Railway (same as above) & Locations and buildings to house “factories” Developing Railway (same as above) & Locations and buildings to house “factories”

Positives & Negatives Positives Positives Cheaper goods = more can afford items Cheaper goods = more can afford items Developed jobs (people pushed out/off farms) Developed jobs (people pushed out/off farms) Developed industry Developed industry Developed methods of heating homes Developed methods of heating homes Negatives Negatives Urban Slums Urban Slums Enviornment Enviornment Working Conditions (bad) Working Conditions (bad) Health Conditions (17 yrs) Health Conditions (17 yrs)

Social Reforms “Realist” period ( ) “Realist” period ( ) New Technology: Photography New Technology: Photography Photo Journalism (hard to hide) Photo Journalism (hard to hide) Exposing: Exposing: Working conditions factories (late 1700s -1900s) Working conditions factories (late 1700s -1900s) Little pay – no unions – long hours Little pay – no unions – long hours Dangerous machines (no production codes) Dangerous machines (no production codes) Dangerous Facilities Dangerous Facilities Little heat/air ventilation Little heat/air ventilation Poor lighting – no safety standards Poor lighting – no safety standards Crumbling buildings Crumbling buildings No healthcare/job protection if injured No healthcare/job protection if injured Photo Journal exposing realistic lives of the poor

Social Reforms New Gov’t system created New Gov’t system created In democracies – adapt “Capitalism” In democracies – adapt “Capitalism” Founder A. Smith “Wealth of Nations” (late 1770s) Founder A. Smith “Wealth of Nations” (late 1770s) Utilitarianism  make laws and policies that help largest segment of society Utilitarianism  make laws and policies that help largest segment of society Socialism  If gov’t doesn’t protect worker – no one will! Curb capitalism Socialism  If gov’t doesn’t protect worker – no one will! Curb capitalism

Communism/Marxism 1850 – Karl Marx German 1850 – Karl Marx German Phases of Communism Phases of Communism Capitalist system – destroy itself Capitalist system – destroy itself Workers take over industry & gov’t Workers take over industry & gov’t After period of co-operative living & education = gov’t wither away After period of co-operative living & education = gov’t wither away Classless society would develop Classless society would develop Final Phase – Pure communism Final Phase – Pure communism All means of production owned by public All means of production owned by public Private property exist no more Private property exist no more Everything shared equally Everything shared equally 1848 Communist Manifesto 1848 Communist Manifesto