© 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company

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Presentation transcript:

© 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company WILLIAM F. RUDDIMAN EARTH’S CLIMATE PAST and FUTURE SECOND EDITION CHAPTER 1 Overview of Climate Science © 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company

Causes of Climate Change 1- Changes in Earth-Sun Geometry 2- Changes in Sunspot Activity 3- Changes in Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases 4- Plate Tectonics

Changes in Earth’s Orbit - Eccentricity

© 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company WILLIAM F. RUDDIMAN EARTH’S CLIMATE PAST and FUTURE SECOND EDITION CHAPTER 2 Climate Archives, Data, and Models © 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company

Sediment Archives

Lake Cores

Ocean Drilling

Ocean Core

Trees as Climate Archives

Radioactive Decay

Pollen

Plankton Modified from W. F. Ruddiman, “Climate Studies in Ocean Cores,” in Paleoclimate Analysis and Modeling, ed. A. D. Hecht [New York: John Wiley, 1977

General Circulation Model

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