Part IV The early modern period, : The World Shrinks Chapters 16-22

Summary 2 big changes 1.New trade empires came into being 2.Shift in trade which included new oceangoing routes across the Pacific & Atlantic Oceans Triggers for the shift 1.Revival of empire building 2.Progression of explorations of new military tech. 3 broad changes 1.The forging of a new global economy 2.New global biological exchanges 3.The emergence of new, large empires based on guns and gunpowder

Summary Even with the changes mentioned there were still continuities The spread of world religions continued Global contacts did not change regional culture patterns and gender relations There were also few tech. or political changes Changes of this period affected ordinary people all over the world by compelling people to work harder to sustain large families

Key Concepts 4.1. Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange- Interconnection of eastern and western hemispheres marked a key transformation of this period 4.2. New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production- Major changes occurred in agricultural labor, the systems and locations of manufacturing, gender and social structures and environmental processes 4.3. State Consolidation and Imperial expansion- empire expanded and conquered new people but they had difficult time incorporating culturally, ethnically and religiously diverse subjects and administering widely dispersed territories

Western Europe in ascendance Ch. 16 & 17 provide details to flesh out the changing fortunes of western europe These two chapters discuss Europe from the early 1400s to 1750 These chapters deal with the Renassiance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, owrld exploration and the commerical revolution All of these events will spawn the Industrial Revolution

Western Europe in ascendance The emphasis is on how the process of change produced a particularly dynamic society The position of a society depended on establishing a prominent position in the world trade system The cultures that came into contact with these new European nations changed and responded in their own way

Ch. 16 Summary The rise of the west from the 15 th (1400s) century to 18 th (1700s) century involved distant explorations and conquests This resulted in a heighting and redefining of relationships among world societies During the classical era, larger economies and culture zones had developed for example the chinese middle kingdom and the Mediterranean basin International exchanges were not of fundamental importance to the socities involved

Ch. 16 Summary During the postclassical period, contacts increased and were more significant Missionary religions- Buddhism and Islam- and trade influenced important changes The new world relationship after 1450 spelled a new period of world history The Americas and other world areas were joined to the world network, while older regions had increased contacts Trade became so important that new relationships emerged among societies These new relationships prompted reconsideration of existing political and cultural traditions