Chapter 7 Section 1 Regional Economics Create Differences Mr. Clifford US 1

Main Idea & Why it Matters Main Idea: The North and the South developed different economic systems that led to political differences between the regions Why it Matters: Different regions of the country to have differing political & economic interests today.

Terms & Names Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts Mass production Industrial Revolution Cotton gin Henry Clay American System National Road Eerie Canal Tariff of 1816

ANOTHER REVOLUTION AFFECTS AMERICA Interchangeable parts and the factory system made mass production possible. Factory manufacturing became the cheapest, easiest, & most profitable way to produce goods Industrial Revolution: a massive change in social and economic organization resulting from the replacement of hand tools by machines. https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=industrial+revolution

Interchangeable Parts - Example of Eli Whitney’s ‘interchangeable gun parts’. Each part is mass produced in order to fulfill customer demand and make product less expensive.

Great Britain Starts a Revolution 18th century, inventors generated power using: swiftly flowing streams coal. Inventors developed power-driven machinery to quickly mass produce goods. EFFECT Advances in diet, medicine, and sanitation enabled people to live longer. Increased population high demand for jobs. More Profit + More Factories = JOBS

Do Now QUESTION 1 How did the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 unknowingly help the United States develop an Industrial Economy?

The Industrial Revolution in the United States The United States had it all: rushing rivers, rich deposits of coal and iron Increasing amount of unskilled immigrants who needed work. Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 made Americans concentrate on developing domestic industries. US could NOT rely on shipping and international trade between 1807-1814. Americans had to invest their money in developing industry within the United States.

New England Industrializes 1807-1814 New Englanders had to embrace industry. Mechanized textile mills and factories began to pop up throughout New England. Samuel Slater built the first mechanized textile factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. He memorized the plans for the mill and built the cotton spinning machine to produce thread. It was the first factory in the United States that turned raw cotton into thread. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HF7CsMRqEA

New England Industrializes Farms in New England were declining. Immigrants and farmers were going to Lowell looking for work. By the late 1820’s Lowell became a booming manufacturing town.

Agriculture Farmers in north and west Would raise crops/livestock sell what they produced at city markets purchase whatever manufactured products they needed from Northern factories. Farmers and industries each supported the growth of the other and neither depended on slavery. Factories and farms did not rely on slaves for labor. Anti-slave movement in North spread

Farm

PLANTATION ECONOMY Cotton Becomes KING in the South Cotton Gin: made it possible for Southern farmers to grow cotton for a significant profit. Southerners & wealthier planters bought up huge areas of land between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River. By 1820, this plantation system transformed Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama into a booming Cotton Kingdom. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bns6aKfrljA

Cotton Plantation

Slavery Becomes Entrenched rich planters were adamant about keeping slavery LEGAL in the south. From 1790-1810, cotton production surged from 3000 bales a year to 178,000 bales 1808, slave traders had brought 250,000 additional Africans to the United States. Not all Southern blacks were slaves. Some communities of free blacks had gained their freedom through various means by the 1800’s. Some slaves managed to buy their freedom with wages they earned by hiring themselves out to other whites after they’d finish their daily work for their owners.

QUESTION 2 Why were Southern Planters adamant about keeping slavery legal in the south?

Plantations & Slavery

What was the goal of the American System? DO Now Question 3 What was the goal of the American System?

Henry CLAY PROPOSES THE AMERICAN SYSTEM American System: program to unite the diverse economic regions in the US, strengthen the economy, and allow US to be self sufficient. For the American System to be implemented the US government would have to: 1.) establish a protective tariff 2.) resurrect the national bank to fund internal improvements 3.) establish a national currency to encourage trade

Explain how the American System would work? Question 4 Explain how the American System would work?

The American System The American System would unite the nation’s economic interests. Industrial North would produce manufactured goods which ALL AMERICANS WOULD PURCHASE. (tools, furniture, clothing, weapons, shoes, etc.) Agricultural North/West would produce grains, vegetables, corn, livestock for US Plantation South Provide cash crops (tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice) to fuel industrial economy GOALS: 1.) The United States would be economically independent from Europe. 2.) Unite the diverse regions of the US.

QUESTION 5 Why was the construction of the Erie Canal so important for US economy?

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Eerie Canal The Erie Canal was completed in 1825 and it linked the Atlantic Ocean (Hudson River) to the Great Lakes (Lake Erie). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMz7eCj732w

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Turnpikes, highways, & National Road States built roads and canals using money from tolls which people paid to travel on state built turnpikes. The federal government built a National Road which connected Maryland to Virginia.

Why did the US Government create and ratify the Tariff of 1816? QUESTION 6 Why did the US Government create and ratify the Tariff of 1816?

Tariffs & the National Bank WHY A TARIFF? British goods were much cheaper than American goods. The federal government wanted Americans to buy American goods, not British goods. Tariff of 1816 To aid American industries, President Madison imposed the protective tariff. The tariff would make American consumers buy American made products by making foreign made products more expensive.

Tariff

Tariff’s upset westerners & southerners Northeasterners welcomed protective tariffs on imports with relief. WHY Southerners & Westerners Purchased inexpensive products from Britain for years. Tariff made products more expensive. resented any government intervention that would make goods more expensive. supported states’ rights believed federal government was becoming too powerful.

James Monroe & ‘Era of good Feelings’ Majority of Americans were happy that the nation was growing economically. James Monroe, Republican from Virginia, was supported by all regions. Time period was known as “Era of Good Feelings”. However, battle over nationalism and states’ rights would continue up until the Civil War.

States’ Rights vs. Nationalism Who should have the ultimate authority? Should states be able to nullify federal laws?