Types of Industrial Processes  Primary: proved to be very successful in industrialization with the ability to lead in technology and ultimately share technology.  Secondary: arrived later to the industrial process, had to borrow technology from primary countries. Achieved varying success.  Subject: Industrialization was achieved as a result of Europeans bringing Industrialization to developing or colonized areas.  Absent: these nations were unable to produce industrialization for a variety of factors.

Primary Industrial Nations: -Britain -Germany -America Secondary Industrial Nations: -Japan -France -Russia -China Subject Industrial Nations: -Egypt -Ottoman Empire -Latin America -India Absent -Africa -Australia/Oceania

State control of industry  In the primary nations: US and Great Britain, there was not a formal governmental program. This led to a very explosive industrial growth curve.  In other nations there was a substantial governmental effort to promote industrialization.  Russia: reforms and railroad expansion led by Sergei Witte  Japan: Meiji Restoration and their movement to westernize.

Post-Industrial Revolution Thought  Stands alongside Greek and Chinese philosophy as a period of highly significant thought.  Some of the philosophers and thinkers include:  Karl Marx  Charles Darwin  Sigmund Freud  John Stuart Mill  Frederick Nietzsche

Emphasized the need for governmental controls to limit the abuse of industrial expansion on workers Emphasized the power of the individual when left free of government influence. Karl Marx: Socialism and Communism Ayn Rand: Objectivism Karl MarxAyn Rand

Socialism and Communism Individualism and Objectivism A portrait of opposites  State control of industrialization would emerge in light of a revolution by the workers.  Proletariat (laborers) v. Bourgeoisie (owners)  From this a dictatorship of the proletariat would emerge and industry would be run benevolently by workers and wealth distributed equitably.  Communism would emerge at the last phase of socialism. A state in which inequality and desire would vanish in favor of brotherhood and communalism.  Man is heroic at it’s core and if left without interference they will capitalize on that heroism.  Exposed in three books:  Anthem  Fountainhead  Atlas Shrugged  Emphasized “pure capitalism” and the concept of “Laissez-Faire Capitalism”.

Communist Manifesto Atlas Shrugged Polar Opposites