Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution ( )

 Distance weakened authority  Republicanism – citizens give up self interests for the common good.  Opposed to hierarchical and authoritarian institutions

 Mercantilism – wealth is power  Measured by silver and gold  Must export more than import  Navigation law of 1650  All commerce must initially go through Britain  Americans must ship “enumerated” products to Britain  Currency shortage  Colonists bought more than they sold to Britain  Barter and trade  Paper money – led to depreciation

 Britain felt colonists responsible for war debt  Navigation Laws (1763)  British trade only  Sugar Act of 1764  Molasses Act 1733  3 pence tax on sugar and molasses  Quartering Act of 1765  Required colonies to provide food and housing to British troops

George Greenville: Author of the Stamp Act King George III

 legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the colonies required to carry a tax stamp.  “No taxation, without representation!”

 9 colonies met in NYC  14 point declaration of rights and grievances formulated by John Dickinson  Pledged loyalty to the king

 Publications  Andrew Oliver and Hutchinson effigies hung  Destroyed property of tax collectors  No one to enforce it, when it became law  Government offices shut down  Boycott on British Goods

 Existed in every colony  Samuel Adams: head of Boston Chapter  Mainly workers and tradesmen  Boston Gazette spread news and opinion  Main objective to get stamp collectors to resign  Enforcement of Non-Importation agreements

 Organizer of the Committees of Correspondence  Movement toward independence  Led the reaction to the Stamp Act and Boston Tea Party  Served in both Continental Congresses  Too much of an agitator to be a good politician “Driven from every other corner of the earth, freedom of thought and the right of private judgment in matters of conscience direct their course to this happy country as their last asylum.” Samuel Adams (1776)

 Repealed the Stamp Act in 1766  Passed the Declaratory Act in 1766  Stated Parliament had the right to make all laws for the colonies  Predecessor for future acts “By one Act they have suspended the powers of one American legislature, & by another have declared they may legislate for us themselves in all cases whatsoever. These two acts alone form a basis broad enough whereon to erect a despotism of unlimited extent.” Thomas Jefferson

 Sponsored by Charles Townshend  Purpose to raise revenues for customs enforcement and colonial officers  Import duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.  Protested with petitions, boycotting, and tar and feathering  All but tea tax repealed in 1770

 Started because of the failure to pay taxes  Townspeople threw snowballs  A struck private fired into the crowd  11 injured and 5 killed  British removed from Boston  Crispus Attucks

 Monopoly given to failing EIC  Ships not able to enter the bay, most turned away  Hutchinson would not allow ship to leave Boston until unloaded  Son’s of Liberty, dressed as Indians, led attack on ship, dumping 45 tons of tea

Prime Minister Lord North, author of the Boston Port Bill, forces the ”Intolerable Acts,” or tea, down the throat of America, a vulnerable Indian woman whose arms are restrained by Lord Chief Justice Mansfield, while Lord Sandwich, a notorious womanizer, pins down her feet and peers up her skirt. Behind them, Mother Britannia weeps helplessly. This British cartoon was quickly copied and distributed by Paul Revere

 Boston Port Act – closed Boston Harbor until dumped tea was paid for  Massachusetts Government Act – revoked charter and forbid town meetings  Quartering Act – required colonists to provide housing for soldiers  Quebec Act – expanded territory  No representative government  Restored French law  Allowed practice of Catholicism