Communicable Disease 8 Health

Vocabulary Disease- an illness that affects the proper functioning of the body or mind Communicable Diseases- diseases that can be passed from one person to another Ask students what common diseases they can think of. Give examples and explain the causes of non-communicable diseases.

Types of Pathogen/Germs Bacteria – tiny one-celled organisms that grow virtually everywhere, can be harmless or harmful, there are 3 types: cocci, bacilli, and spirilla Where can germs be found?

Types of Pathogen/Germs Viruses- smallest and simplest forms of life, are very specialized, can only grow and reproduce in living things Rickettsias- small bacteria that are spread by the bites of insects, such as ticks and lice

Types of Pathogen/Germs Fungi- are simple life forms that are unable to make their own food, grow best in warm, dark, moist areas (ring worm, athletes foot) Protozoa- simple animal like organisms, have the ability to move through fluids in search of food (Malaria)

Preventing the Spread of Diseases How are Germs Spread? Close Contact with a person who has the germ. (airborne) Direct contact with a person who has the germ Contact with animals Sharing utensils Contaminated drink or foods that contain germs

Preventing the Spread of Diseases How can you prevent the Spread of Disease? Practice Good Health Habits Practice Good Health Behaviors to Protect Yourself & Practice Good Health Habits to Protect Others http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wME3a6qlTU

The Body’s First Line of Defense Tears- wash germs away from eyes, contain chemicals that can kill some germs Skin- if the skin is unbroken it acts as a barrier that germs cannot penetrate Ask students how they feel when they are sick or have a cold. Sometimes the way you feel is part of the body’s defense against the disease.

The Body’s First Line of Defense Mucous Membranes- secrete mucous that traps germs Saliva- washes germs from your teeth and helps keep the mouth clean, contains chemicals that kill germs

The Body’s First Line of Defense Gastric Juice- destroys germs that enter the stomach through food and drink

The Body’s Second Line of Defense Inflammatory Response It helps by flooding the spaces with lymph fluid which contains white blood cells, phagocytes, and others. It also helps to contain the contaminate. Phagocytes released by nearby blood vessels, they engulf germs and destroy them Fever kills germs that cannot survive body temp higher than usual

Third Line of Defense IMMUNE SYSTEM gives the body the ability to remember how to destroy the same germ if it invades again. The next time the body can respond quickly to kill the germ so you don’t get sick. For Homework have students look at the cleaning supplies in their home and list the supplies that kill disease causing germs. Answer the following questions. What products were found that kill germs? What germs do they kill? What is the active ingredient?

Third Line of Defense The Lymphatic System A secondary circulatory system of vessels and nodes that carry a fluid called lymph Lymph nodes are small lumps of lymphatic tissue located throughout the system that act as filters to keep germs from invading body tissues

Third Line of Defense The white blood cells in the lymphatic system are lymphocytes B-cells- produce antibodies that fight germs T-cells- attack germs directly and stimulate B-cells to work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uWaPtxTYvk

Immunity and Vaccines You can become immune to a viral disease by having that disease once before. (flu – that specific strand, chicken pox) Vaccine- a preparation of dead or weakened germs that is injected into the body to cause the immune system to produce antibodies

Common Communicable Diseases The Common Cold most common communicable disease, caused by viruses Influenza characterized by exhaustion, chills, headache, body ache, respiratory problems, and fever. Strep Sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria Discuss these diseases. Show information on diseases that are in the media at the time. Examples are hand foot and mouth disease or influenza.

Common Communicable Diseases Hepatitis viral disease of the liver characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Hepatitis A B and C Mononucleosis A viral disease that attacks the lymph nodes in the neck and throat, most common in teens and young adults.